Hip Anatomy

Question 1

What is the hip bone known as?

Answer 1

Inominate bone

Question 2

Articulations within hip bone (3)

Answer 2

• Sacroiliac joint – articulation with the sacrum.
• Pubic symphysis – articulation between the left and right hip bones.
• Hip joint – articulation with the head of femur.

Question 3

3 parts of hip bone

Answer 3

Ilium - top
Pubis (medial)
Ischium (lateral)

Question 4

Cup shaped socket in hip bone

Answer 4

Acetabulum

Question 5

What are hip bones separated by in children?

Answer 5

Triradiate cartilage

Question 6

What articulates with acetabulum?

Answer 6

Head of femur

Question 7

Where in the hip bone is the ilium located?
Describe the internal surface of the ilium
Describe the external surface of the ilium

Answer 7

• Superiorly
• Internal - concave shape which produces the iliac fossa
• External - convex shape which provides attachments to the gluteal muscles (aka gluteal surface)

Question 8

What do you call the superior margin of iliac bone (thickened wing)?

Answer 8

Iliac crest

Question 9

Indentation on posterior aspect

Answer 9

Greater sciatic notch

Question 10

Where is the pubis located?
What are the parts of the pubis?

Answer 10

Most Anteriorly

Pubic body, superior ramus, inferior ramus

Question 11

Where is the pubic body found?
What does it do?

Answer 11

Medially - articulates with the opposite pubic body at the pubic symphysis

Question 12

What is it called as the inferior pubic ramus and inferior ischia ramus join?

Answer 12

Ischiopubic ramus

Question 13

What do you call the gap enclosed by superior and inferior rami?
Which structures pass through this gap?

Answer 13

Obturator foramen (obturator nerve, artery and vein pass through)

Question 14

Where is the ischium located and what are the parts of it?

Answer 14

Posteroinferior

Ischial Body, inferior ischial ramus, superior ischial ramus

Question 15

Large bony section sticking out of ischium (posteroinferior aspect of the ischium) When are these relevant?

Answer 15

Ischium tuberosity (sit on these when on a chair)

Question 16

Projection of bone in ischium

Answer 16

Ischial spine

Question 17

Name the Ligaments attaching to ischium and what they form between and what they form

Answer 17

Sacrospinous - ischial spine to sacrum (creates greater sciatic foramen)

Sacrotuberous - sacrum to ischial tuberosity - lesser sciatic foramen

Question 18

Hip joint type
What is it between?

Answer 18

Ball and socket synovial (femur and pelvic acetabulum)

Question 19

Primary function of hip joint

Answer 19

To allow mobility of the lower limb without weakening the ability of the lower limb to support the weight of the body

Question 20

Fibrocartilaginous collar of acetabulum and function

Answer 20

Encircles the acetabulum, deepening it and providing a more secure fit for the hemispherical femoral head.

Question 21

Incompleteness of hyaline cartilage of acetabulum

Answer 21

Acetabular notch

Question 22

Cartilage covering femur

Answer 22

Hyaline

Question 23

What do you call the depression of the femur and what is it’s function?

Answer 23

Fovea capitis - attachment point for ligamentum teres

Question 24

Femur articulations proximally and distally and to form what?

Answer 24

Proximal - articulates with pelvic acetabulum to form hip joint

Distal - tibia and patella to form knee joint

Question 25

Bony prominences of femur proximal

Answer 25

Greater and lesser trochanter (proximal)

Question 26

Where do muscles of thigh attach to femur?

Answer 26

Linea aspera

Question 27

What is the capsule of hip joint found? Describe it

Answer 27

Attaches to acetabulum - strong and tough

Question 28

4 ligaments of hip joint

Answer 28

Ligamentum teres (intracapsular) Iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral (extracapsular)

Question 29

Iliofemoral ligament (3)

Answer 29

Strongest legament in the body Y shape - anterior Prevents hyperextension at the hip HI MIS PEA

Question 30

Pubofemoral ligament

Answer 30

Inferior anterior Triangular Prevent excessive abduction and extension of hip joint

Question 31

Ischiofemoral ligament

Answer 31

Posterior Spiral shape Prevent excessive medial rotation

Question 32

Name the Acetabular ligament How is it formed?

Answer 32

Transverse Acetabular ligament - Formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch

Question 33

Stabilising factors of hip joint (6)

Answer 33

``` Cup shaped acetabulum Acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum Capsule Ligamentum teres Extracapsule ligaments (ischiofemoral, pubofemoral, Iliofemoral) Muscles surrounding hip joint ```

Question 34

Anterior muscle and ligament relationship

Answer 34

The muscles and ligaments work in a reciprocal fashion at the hip joint: Anteriorly, where the ligaments are strongest, the medial flexors (located anteriorly) are fewer and weaker.

Question 35

Posterior muscle and ligament relationship

Answer 35

Posteriorly, where the ligaments are weakest, the lateral (external) rotators are greater in number and stronger – they effectively ‘pull’ the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

Question 36

Nerve supply of hip (4)

Answer 36

Posterior - sciatic nerve, nerve to quadratus femoris Anterior - femoral nerve Inferior - obturator nerve Superior - superior gluteal nerve (also supplies gluteus medius and minimus)

Question 37

Blood supply to femoral head and neck and what do they create

Answer 37

(Posterior) Medial femoral circumflex artery (MFCA) MAIN ONE (Anterior) Lateral femoral circumflex artery (LFCA) - Branches of profunda femoris artery - form extracapsular arterial ring

Question 38

Where does the artery within Ligamentum teres most commonly arise from? Describe the role of this artery

Answer 38

- Obturator artery - Needed for major blood supply in children to femoral epiphysis (head) - Only minor in adults