Hip Anatomy Flashcards
What is the hip bone known as?
Inominate bone
Articulations within hip bone (3)
- Sacroiliac joint – articulation with the sacrum.
- Pubic symphysis – articulation between the left and right hip bones.
- Hip joint – articulation with the head of femur.
3 parts of hip bone
Ilium - top
Pubis (medial)
Ischium (lateral)
Cup shaped socket in hip bone
Acetabulum
What are hip bones separated by in children?
Triradiate cartilage
What articulates with acetabulum?
Head of femur
Where in the hip bone is the ilium located?
Describe the internal surface of the ilium
Describe the external surface of the ilium
- Superiorly
- Internal - concave shape which produces the iliac fossa
- External - convex shape which provides attachments to the gluteal muscles (aka gluteal surface)
What do you call the superior margin of iliac bone (thickened wing)?
Iliac crest
Indentation on posterior aspect
Greater sciatic notch
Where is the pubis located?
What are the parts of the pubis?
Most Anteriorly
Pubic body, superior ramus, inferior ramus
Where is the pubic body found?
What does it do?
Medially - articulates with the opposite pubic body at the pubic symphysis
What is it called as the inferior pubic ramus and inferior ischia ramus join?
Ischiopubic ramus
What do you call the gap enclosed by superior and inferior rami?
Which structures pass through this gap?
Obturator foramen (obturator nerve, artery and vein pass through)
Where is the ischium located and what are the parts of it?
Posteroinferior
Ischial Body, inferior ischial ramus, superior ischial ramus
Large bony section sticking out of ischium (posteroinferior aspect of the ischium) When are these relevant?
Ischium tuberosity (sit on these when on a chair)
Projection of bone in ischium
Ischial spine
Name the Ligaments attaching to ischium and what they form between and what they form
Sacrospinous - ischial spine to sacrum (creates greater sciatic foramen)
Sacrotuberous - sacrum to ischial tuberosity - lesser sciatic foramen
Hip joint type
What is it between?
Ball and socket synovial (femur and pelvic acetabulum)
Primary function of hip joint
To allow mobility of the lower limb without weakening the ability of the lower limb to support the weight of the body
Fibrocartilaginous collar of acetabulum and function
Encircles the acetabulum, deepening it and providing a more secure fit for the hemispherical femoral head.
Incompleteness of hyaline cartilage of acetabulum
Acetabular notch
Cartilage covering femur
Hyaline
What do you call the depression of the femur and what is it’s function?
Fovea capitis - attachment point for ligamentum teres
Femur articulations proximally and distally and to form what?
Proximal - articulates with pelvic acetabulum to form hip joint
Distal - tibia and patella to form knee joint
Bony prominences of femur proximal
Greater and lesser trochanter (proximal)
Where do muscles of thigh attach to femur?
Linea aspera
What is the capsule of hip joint found?
Describe it
Attaches to acetabulum - strong and tough
4 ligaments of hip joint
Ligamentum teres (intracapsular)
Iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral (extracapsular)
Iliofemoral ligament (3)
Strongest legament in the body
Y shape - anterior
Prevents hyperextension at the hip
HI MIS PEA
Pubofemoral ligament
Inferior anterior
Triangular
Prevent excessive abduction and extension of hip joint
Ischiofemoral ligament
Posterior
Spiral shape
Prevent excessive medial rotation
Name the Acetabular ligament
How is it formed?
Transverse Acetabular ligament
- Formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch
Stabilising factors of hip joint (6)
Cup shaped acetabulum Acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum Capsule Ligamentum teres Extracapsule ligaments (ischiofemoral, pubofemoral, Iliofemoral) Muscles surrounding hip joint
Anterior muscle and ligament relationship
The muscles and ligaments work in a reciprocal fashion at the hip joint:
Anteriorly, where the ligaments are strongest, the medial flexors (located anteriorly) are fewer and weaker.
Posterior muscle and ligament relationship
Posteriorly, where the ligaments are weakest, the lateral (external) rotators are greater in number and stronger – they effectively ‘pull’ the head of the femur into the acetabulum.
Nerve supply of hip (4)
Posterior - sciatic nerve, nerve to quadratus femoris
Anterior - femoral nerve
Inferior - obturator nerve
Superior - superior gluteal nerve (also supplies gluteus medius and minimus)
Blood supply to femoral head and neck and what do they create
(Posterior) Medial femoral circumflex artery (MFCA) MAIN ONE
(Anterior) Lateral femoral circumflex artery (LFCA)
- Branches of profunda femoris artery
- form extracapsular arterial ring
Where does the artery within Ligamentum teres most commonly arise from?
Describe the role of this artery
- Obturator artery
- Needed for major blood supply in children to femoral epiphysis (head)
- Only minor in adults
