Kholberg

Question 1

What did Kholberg believe about moral development?

Answer 1

Starts with a desire to avoid punishment
Develops into a concern for group functioning
develops further into a concern for the consistent application of universal ethical applications

Question 2

What were the three levels of moral development?

Answer 2

Preconventional
Conventional
Post conventional

Question 3

What are the 6 stages of moral development and moral reasoning shown?

Answer 3

Punishment and obediance orientation-rules are kept to avoid punishment
Instrumental relavist orientation-Right behaviour brings rewards
Good boy Good girl orientation - Good behaviour pleases others
Law and order orientation - Obeying laws is important
Social contract orientation - Right is democratically agreed on
Universal Principles - Moral action is taken based on self chosen principles

Question 4

Describe the method and procedure

Answer 4

Longitudinal study over 12 years
Gave participants hypothetical and philisophical moral dilemas in the form of short stories

Question 5

Describe the sample

Answer 5

75 young american males
10-16 at the start of the study
22-28 by the end

Question 6

What countries were the american males compared to?

Answer 6

Canada, UK, Mexico, Turkey, Taiwan

Question 7

What are some examples of questions that were asked?

Answer 7

Is it better to save the life of one important person or lots of uniportant people? - 10 year olds
Should the doctor ‘‘meercy kill’’ a fatally ill woman requesting death because of her pain? Age 13<

Question 8

What are the motives for each stage?

Answer 8

Stage 1- obey rules to avoid punishment
Stage 2- conform to obtain rewards
Stage 3- Conform to avoid dissaproval
Stage 4- conform to avoid censure by legitemte authorities
Stage 5- Conform to maintain respect
Stage 6- Conform to avoid self condemnation

Question 9

What was found following the study?

Answer 9

Participants progressed through stages as they got older
Some participants had not reached the final stage of moral development
Participants never went back to a previous stage
Children seemed to prefer the next stage of a child one stage along

Question 10

What are some strengths of a longitudinal study?

Answer 10

Better controll over participant variables
Large volume of data

Question 11

What are some weaknesses of a longitudinal study?

Answer 11

Risk of order effects
Higher risk of participants dropping out