key question anorexia

Question 1

what is anorexia

Answer 1

an eating disorder which is characterized by extreme loss of weight and anxiety associated with food and weight gain

Question 2

what provides guidelines and criteria for anorexia

Answer 2

DSM-V

Question 3

symptoms of anorexia

Answer 3

• if height or weight loss is lower than expected for your age
• if bmi is unusually low
• missing meals, not eating a lot
• avoiding eating foods you see as fattening
• believing you’re fat if you’re a healthy weight or underweight
• less periods
• dizzy, light headed
• hair loss
• dry skin
• taking medicine to suppress hunger

Question 4

features of anorexia

Answer 4

• changed body image
• low body weight
• excessive physical activity
• denial of hunger
• fixation of making food
• obsessive eating behaviors
• anxiety

Question 5

who most commonly suffers with anorexia

Answer 5

-90% sufferers are female
- 95% sufferers are 12-29 years old

Question 6

why is it important that we try to overcome anorexia

Answer 6

• improved mental health in society
• reduce deaths (ED with highest mortality rate )
• diagnosis can lead to missing education
• adults are unable to work and contribute to society
• reduces money on treatment

Question 7

what survey did girl guiding Uk carry out

Answer 7

• they asked over 3000 girls and found that over 50% said the media made them feel being thin and pretty is the mist important thing

Question 8

statistics - girls (weight/ed)

Answer 8

• 1/100 girls suffer with an eating disorder
• 2/3 are unhappy with their weight

Question 9

how does the social learning theory explain the impact on the media and celebrities on anorexia

Answer 9

• role models which learners look up to in the media are thin and look a certain way, match the beauty standard
• people try to imitate them and look like them
• ariana grande models and unhealthy body

Question 10

how does social learning theory vicarious punishment/
reinforcement in media explain anorexia

Answer 10

• when learners observe people being punished or rewarded for looking a certain way, e.g adele
  was made fun of before she lost weight then was praised for losing weight

Question 11

how does operant conditioning explain impact of media and celebs on anorexia

Answer 11

• negative reinforcement - not eating causes people to lose weight which reinforces them to continue not to eat
• positive reinforcement - getting praised for looking a certain way and for being skinny causes people to continue to not eat
• punishment - getting critisiced, bullied for not fitting standards or looking a certain way

Question 12

how does classical conditioning explain anorexia

Answer 12

• ns = food
• ucs = criticism
• ucr = fear / upset

ucs + ns = ucr of fear

cs = food
cr = fear

Question 13

describe how the social learning theory model can cause anorexia

Answer 13

• attention = frequent exposure to media seeing ideal thin bodies
• retention = saving posts, visual imagery
• reproduction = skipping meals, excessive exercise
• motivation : intrinsic = increased self esteem
  extrinsic = attention from others

Question 14

evaluate anorexia for role of media on anorexia

Answer 14

• bandura = children watched role model and were more likely to foot same sex role model
• bandura 1963- people are likely to imitate behavior seen on TV, even cartoons
• bandura 1965- vicarious reinforcement increases likelihood of reproducing a behavior

Question 15

owen et al evidence

Answer 15

found ideal shape presented by models and film stars has become more thin over 30yrs

Question 16

Fearn evidence

Answer 16

• studied young women on fiji
• when western channels were introduced in 1995 by 1998 74% of women surveyed said they were to big it too far and eating disorders began to appear

Question 17

barlow and durand evidence

Answer 17

found that over 50% of miss america contestants were 15% or more below the expected body weight for their height

Question 18

damaging paradox

Answer 18

• in modern society the media promotes in a compelling manner, a low weight sculptured ideal body
• at the same time the environment provides an increasing array of foods in high fat and calories with compelling pressures to consume these products
• causing us to gain weight abs the gap between normal and ideal body weight rises = anxiety

Question 19

evaluate bandura strengths generalizability

Answer 19

• large sample sizes of
  72
  96
  66
  anomalies are cancelled out

Question 20

bandura weaknesses generalizability

Answer 20

• sample from stanford university nursery
• children may have unusual home lives as they have very intelligent parents
• unrepresentative of normal children
• can’t generalize from children to adults
• doesn’t say how adults learn new behavior - it may be less influenced from role models

Question 21

bandura strengths reliability

Answer 21

• standardized procedure
• good inter rater reliability as there were multiple observers
• bandura filmed his 1963 study

Question 22

bandura strengths applications

Answer 22

• applied to parenting styles
• shows that children imitate parents so parents need to be good role models
• 63- tv censorship, violent aggressive behavior will be imitated, even by cartoons
• supports censorship over kids tv

Question 23

bandura weaknesses validity

Answer 23

• low ecological validity
• ignores biological explanations of aggression (linked to prefrontal cortex in brain)

Question 24

bandura weaknesses ethics

Answer 24

• children may have been distressed by aggressive behavior
• reinforced to be aggressive by role models in experiments, which could lead to them having behavioral problems
• presumptive consent, all children’s parents have consent but the children did not - didn’t get a debrief