key question anorexia Flashcards
what is anorexia
an eating disorder which is characterized by extreme loss of weight and anxiety associated with food and weight gain
what provides guidelines and criteria for anorexia
DSM-V
symptoms of anorexia
- if height or weight loss is lower than expected for your age
- if bmi is unusually low
- missing meals, not eating a lot
- avoiding eating foods you see as fattening
- believing you’re fat if you’re a healthy weight or underweight
- less periods
- dizzy, light headed
- hair loss
- dry skin
- taking medicine to suppress hunger
features of anorexia
- changed body image
- low body weight
- excessive physical activity
- denial of hunger
- fixation of making food
- obsessive eating behaviors
- anxiety
who most commonly suffers with anorexia
-90% sufferers are female
- 95% sufferers are 12-29 years old
why is it important that we try to overcome anorexia
- improved mental health in society
- reduce deaths (ED with highest mortality rate )
- diagnosis can lead to missing education
- adults are unable to work and contribute to society
- reduces money on treatment
what survey did girl guiding Uk carry out
- they asked over 3000 girls and found that over 50% said the media made them feel being thin and pretty is the mist important thing
statistics - girls (weight/ed)
- 1/100 girls suffer with an eating disorder
- 2/3 are unhappy with their weight
how does the social learning theory explain the impact on the media and celebrities on anorexia
- role models which learners look up to in the media are thin and look a certain way, match the beauty standard
- people try to imitate them and look like them
- ariana grande models and unhealthy body
how does social learning theory vicarious punishment/
reinforcement in media explain anorexia
- when learners observe people being punished or rewarded for looking a certain way, e.g adele
was made fun of before she lost weight then was praised for losing weight
how does operant conditioning explain impact of media and celebs on anorexia
- negative reinforcement - not eating causes people to lose weight which reinforces them to continue not to eat
- positive reinforcement - getting praised for looking a certain way and for being skinny causes people to continue to not eat
- punishment - getting critisiced, bullied for not fitting standards or looking a certain way
how does classical conditioning explain anorexia
- ns = food
- ucs = criticism
- ucr = fear / upset
ucs + ns = ucr of fear
cs = food
cr = fear
describe how the social learning theory model can cause anorexia
- attention = frequent exposure to media seeing ideal thin bodies
- retention = saving posts, visual imagery
- reproduction = skipping meals, excessive exercise
- motivation : intrinsic = increased self esteem
extrinsic = attention from others
evaluate anorexia for role of media on anorexia
- bandura = children watched role model and were more likely to foot same sex role model
- bandura 1963- people are likely to imitate behavior seen on TV, even cartoons
- bandura 1965- vicarious reinforcement increases likelihood of reproducing a behavior
owen et al evidence
found ideal shape presented by models and film stars has become more thin over 30yrs
Fearn evidence
- studied young women on fiji
- when western channels were introduced in 1995 by 1998 74% of women surveyed said they were to big it too far and eating disorders began to appear
barlow and durand evidence
found that over 50% of miss america contestants were 15% or more below the expected body weight for their height
damaging paradox
- in modern society the media promotes in a compelling manner, a low weight sculptured ideal body
- at the same time the environment provides an increasing array of foods in high fat and calories with compelling pressures to consume these products
- causing us to gain weight abs the gap between normal and ideal body weight rises = anxiety
evaluate bandura strengths generalizability
- large sample sizes of
72
96
66
anomalies are cancelled out
bandura weaknesses generalizability
- sample from stanford university nursery
- children may have unusual home lives as they have very intelligent parents
- unrepresentative of normal children
- can’t generalize from children to adults
- doesn’t say how adults learn new behavior - it may be less influenced from role models
bandura strengths reliability
- standardized procedure
- good inter rater reliability as there were multiple observers
- bandura filmed his 1963 study
bandura strengths applications
- applied to parenting styles
- shows that children imitate parents so parents need to be good role models
- 63- tv censorship, violent aggressive behavior will be imitated, even by cartoons
- supports censorship over kids tv
bandura weaknesses validity
- low ecological validity
- ignores biological explanations of aggression (linked to prefrontal cortex in brain)
bandura weaknesses ethics
- children may have been distressed by aggressive behavior
- reinforced to be aggressive by role models in experiments, which could lead to them having behavioral problems
- presumptive consent, all children’s parents have consent but the children did not - didn’t get a debrief
