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a level psychology > hormones > Flashcards

hormones Flashcards

1
Q

hormones

A

chemical messengers of the body

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2
Q

why are hormones different to neurotransmitters

A
  • they travel in the bloodstream
  • travel at a slower rate
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3
Q

what do hormones affect

A
  • metabolism
  • mood.
  • role in reproduction
  • role in sexual function
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4
Q

endocrine system

A
  • responsible for making hormones
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5
Q

what is endocrine system made up of

A
  • thyroid
  • pituitary glands
  • testes
  • ovaries
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6
Q

how do hormones work

A
  • binding to receptor proteins in rager cell and changing cell function
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7
Q

how can hormone secretion be triggered

A
  • by other hormones
  • activity at the neuronal level
  • environment
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8
Q
A
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9
Q

how could aggression be caused

A
  • hormones
  • adrenaline
  • ACTH
  • Cortisol
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10
Q

adrenaline

A
  • released from adrenal glands
  • prepared body for fight or flight
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11
Q

ACTH

A
  • produced by pituitary gland
  • stimulates production and release of cortisol from cortex of adrenal gland
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12
Q

cortisol

A
  • produced in adrenal glands
  • responsible for waking us up
  • manages stress levels
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13
Q

what does cortisol appear to inhibit

A
  • aggression
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14
Q

what evidence is there to show that cortisol inhibits aggression

A
  • Low levels of cortisol in violent school children
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15
Q
A
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16
Q

why would people with lower cortisol levels be more aggressive

A
  • their ANS is under aroused
  • aggressive behavior is an attempt to create stressful situations
  • provoke cortisol release
  • to stimulate ANS
17
Q

Barzman et al

A
  • found the amount of saliva found 30 mins after waking up correlated with number of aggressive incidents recorded by the nurses
  • levels of cortisol and testosterone after waking up correlated with the amount of aggression in the first aggressive incident noted that day
18
Q

Barzman et al sample

A
  • children in a psychiatric hospital
  • boys aged 7-9
19
Q

why are men seen to be more aggressive than women

A

more testosterone

20
Q

proof for testosterone and aggression raine et al

A
  • 5% of males to be characterized by a pattern of anti social behavior and these ken are said to commit 50-70% violent crime
21
Q

dabbs et al testosterone evaluation

A
  • measured levels of testosterone in saliva of 89 male prisoners involved in violent and non violent crime
  • levels of testosterone is higher in those who were involved in violent crime
22
Q

Dabbs et al criticism

A
  • relies on correlational data
  • doesn’t establish wether testosterone levels cause violence
23
Q

why can we research animals when looking at the limbic system

A
  • in both humans and animals it controls emotions and memories so research can be generalized as this part of the brain works in similar ways
24
Q

Harlow - aggression in males evidence

A
  • young male rhesus monkeys
  • engage in more rough and tumble play than their sisters
25
Q

how can female aggressive behavior be enhanced by testosterone - evidence - Dabbs and Hargrove

A
  • measured testosterone of saliva of 87 females
  • maximum security prison
  • found degree of criminal violence positively correlated with testosterone levels
26
Q

why is research on the relationship between testosterone and aggression difficult

A
  • only reliable measurement of brain testosterone is a lumbar puncture
  • this can’t be done for research purposes
27
Q

lumbar puncture

A
  • a needle is inserted into lower part of the spine
  • evidence of conditions affecting brain, spinal cord or other areas of CNS
28
Q

strengths hormones and aggression

A
  • evidence
  • applications
29
Q

evidence - hormones and aggression

A
  • well controlled
  • use scientific methods
  • adds credibility
  • different finding support each other
  • consistent results = more reliable
30
Q

strengths - applications

A
  • if aggression is chemically controlled we could create a drug which influences hormonal mechanism
  • reducing aggression
31
Q

example of aggression reducing hormone - Maletsky

A
  • found testosterone lowering drug
  • reduces sexually aggressive behavior in some offenders
32
Q

hormones and aggression - weaknesses

A
  • correlational research mainly used
33
Q

weakness - correlational research

A
  • only reliable test is lumbar puncture
  • links between hormones and aggression but it’s unclear whether there are other variables involved
  • which variable causes what
34
Q

example of a weakness of correlational research - cortisol and aggression

A
  • cortisol is a stress hormone
  • related to aggression
  • unknown whether there’s another variable causing both stress and aggression
  • circular argument due to correlations
  • which causes which ?

a level psychology (33 decks)

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