Karyotypes for Different Organisms Flashcards
What is Haploid (1n) mean? Example.
Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.
Example: gametes, such as sperm or egg cells.
What does Diploid (2n) mean? Example.
Having two homologous sets of complete chromosomes, one from each parent.
Example: humans
What does triploid (3n) mean? Example.
Having three homologous sets of chromosomes.
Example: triploid rainbow trout. Occurs when eggs are treatment is applied to the fertilized egg prior to the second meiosis division, which prevents the chromosomes from separating.
Do female triploids develope eggs? What happens to the sperm in male triploid said?
Female triploids do not develope eggs. The sperm is not viable in male triploids.
What is polyploid (4n, 5n, etc.) mean?
Having more than two homologous pairs of chromosomes.
Where is a polyploid common? Where is it rare?
Common: plants
Rare: animals
How cann polyploidy also be induced in the plant breeding laboratory?
By treating dividing cells with colchicine. Consequently, the duplicated chromosomes fail to separate in mitosis.
What does colchicine prevent?
The formation of a spindle.
What is the watermelon example of a polyploid?
Seedless watermelons. A tetraploid 4n female, with 44 chromosomes, is crossed with a diploid 2n male, with 22 chromosomes, to produce a triploid 3n seedless, sterile watermelon with 33 chromosomes.
What is the strawberry example of a polyploid?
The number of chromosomes sets can range from diploid (2n) where the fruit has poor flavour and no commercial value, to pentaploid (5n), which contains 5 sets of chromosomes, to hexaploid (6n), octoploid (8n), which is referred to as the common strawberry and is known for its characteristic aroma, bright red colour, and juicy texture. A decaploid (10n) variety has recently been developed.
