Chapter 18 textbook review

Question 1

Distinguish between a species name and a scientific name.

Answer 1

A species name (also called a scientific name) has two parts. The first part is the genus, and the second part is the species identifier. The species names are in latin. Common names are what organisms are commonly referred to.

Question 2

What is the difference between a phylum and a division?

Answer 2

The difference is that division is only for plants

Question 3

How does the meaning of the word parts phyla- and -geny work for the meaning of the word phylogeny?

Answer 3

Phlyo- meaning “tribe”
-geny meaning “to be born”
This term is appropriate to discussing common ancestory of organisms because it is pretty much saying “which tribe they are born” to figure out if they are related or not.

Question 4

What is the difference between a subspecies and a variety?

Answer 4

The difference is that variety is the 3rd name for plants and that subspecies is the 3rd name for animals.

Question 5

Look up the roots of the word echinoderm. How does what you found relate to teh properties of a group that includes stargish, sand dollars, and sea urchins?

Answer 5

Spiky skin- all of these things have spiky skin.

Question 6

A species name includes information about

a) species and phylum
b) division and genus
c) genus and order
d) genus and species

Answer 6

d

Question 7

Aristotle classified plants on the basis of differences in their

Answer 7

morphology

Question 8

Linnaeus classified organisms based on similarities of their

Answer 8

stems

Question 9

A group of related classes of organisms make up a

a) genus
b) order
c) phylum
d) kingdom

Answer 9

c

Question 10

The kingdom Animalia is divided into phyla. At the same level of organization, the kingdom Plantae is divided into

a) classes
b) divisions
c) species
d) genera

Answer 10

b

Question 11

Some animal species are divided into

a) identical species
b) varieties
c) subspecies
d) twin species

Answer 11

c

Question 12

Classifying organisms according to their presumed evolutionary history is called a

a) six-kingdom approach
b) morphological approach
c) phylogenetic approach
d) three-domain approach

Answer 12

c

Question 13

The kingdom Protista includes

a) bacteria
b) plants
c) algae
d) mushrooms

Answer 13

c

Question 14

Some protists are similar to plants in that they

a) carry on photosynthesis
b) have plantlike organization of tissues
c) ingest nutrients
d) are unicellular

Answer 14

a

Question 15

Taxonomists can use data from RNA-sequencing techniques to

a) predict future changes in species
b) estimate when two species diverged from a common ancestor
c) determine species name
d) explain the origin of life

Answer 15

b

Question 16

List the seven levels of Linnaeus’s classification hierarchy from most general to most specific/

Answer 16

Kingdom, Phyla, Classes, Orders, Families, Genus, Species

Question 17

How were Aristotles and Linnaeus’s classification systems for organisms similar?

Answer 17

They were similar because they both classified things based on obserable characteristics.

Question 18

Why are species names important in scientific work?

Answer 18

Species names are important because they prevent confusion. Species names tell genus organisms is grouped into.

Question 19

What are the differences between plants and fungi?

Answer 19

Plantae: usually autotrophic
Fungi: heterotrophic

Question 20

Name three things you might learn about an organisms by investigating the meaning of its scientific name.

Answer 20

1) who studied and named it
2) where it lives
3) what it looks/acts like

Question 21

How might a taxonomist use embryological evidence in classifying an organism?

Answer 21

SImilarities in species indivate two species shared an ancestor relatively recently. It is important in determing how related two species are.

Question 22

How do some archaebacteria produce food?

Answer 22

Chemosynthesis

Question 23

What do plants and fungi have in common with animals?

Answer 23

Plants, fungi, and animals are all eukaryotic and share a similar cellular organization.