24.3 Flashcards
Pathology?
The scientific study of disease
Exotoxin: What are they made of? What are they produced by? Where are they secreted?
Toxins that are mad of proteins and produced by living gram-positive bacteria. Secreted into the environment.
Endotoxin? What are they made of? What are they associated with? What are they released by? What do they cause?
Toxins made of ipids and carbohydrates. Associated with the outer membrance of gram-negative bacteria. Rleased by gram-negative bacteria only when bacteria die. Cause fever, body aches, and weakness. Damage vessels of the circuatory system.
What is penicillin? What does it target?
Interferes with cell wall synthesis to combat bacteria. Targets gram-positive bacteria.
What is a broad-spectrum antibiotic?
An antibiotic that is able to aaffect a wide variety of organisms.
One bacterial disease that is transmitted by contaminated drinking water is?
a. Lyme disease
b. gonorrhea
c. tuberfulosis
d. cholera
d
W poision that is released from the outer membrance of dead gram-negative bacteria is calld?
an endotoxin
Which of the following is not a way that bacteria cause disease inhumans?
a. destroying body tissues
b. conjugating with human cells
c. damaging blood vessels
d. dissolving blood clots
b
Bacteria can resist antibiotics by
a. secreting antibiotics
b. assisting the passage of antibiotics through the cell wall
c. secreting enzymes that alter antibiotics
d. growing only on Petri dishes
c
One of the positive ways bacteria affect our lives is by
a. producing dental caries
b. consuming improperly preserved foods
c. preventing the decomposition of dead plants and animals
d. helping to clean up oil spills
d
Identify three ways that bacteria can be transmitted from person to person.
sexual contact, sneezes, coughs, or direct contact
Name one bacteria disease that affects nerves, one that affects the intestine, and one that affects the skin.
Nerves: botulism
Intestine: cholera
Skin: lyme disease
Describe two ways that antibiotics work.
Inhibiting cell wall synthesis (penicillin) and by inhibiting proteins synthesis (tetrocycline).
Cell metabolism too
List four foods that are produced with the assistance of bacteria.
Buttermilk, sour cream, yogurt, and pickles.
Why are broad-spectrum antibiotics often used to treat infections caused by unidentified pathogens? What is the danger associated with overusing such antibiotics?
Broad-spectrum antibiots are used because they are able toaffect a wide variety of pathogens. The danger is that the bacteria might build up a resistance to them. They will also kill good bacteria.
