Bacteria: Endospores, Plasmids, and Genetic Recombination Flashcards
Endospores will often form as a result of which of the following?
a. All are correct
b. None are correct
c. Not enough environmental nitrogen
d. Not enough environmental carbon
e. High population densisty
a
Which chemical is effective at killing endospores?
a. 70% Isopropyl alcohol
b. Lysol
c. None of these will kill endospores
d. Bleach
e. Sporicide Glutaraldehyde
e
In which situation would the Bacillus bactyerium likely NOT form an endopsore?
f. The Bacillus is living in the gu of a healthy deer in western Pennsylvania.
g. The soil the Bacillus lives in freezes
h. All of the nitrogen in the puddle the Bacillus lives in is consumed by algae
i. The river bed that the Bacillys grows on suddely dries up
j. A person infected with Anthrax receives a strong dose of antibiotics.
f
In what order to bacteria endospores return to active growth?
k. Addition of a protein coat, cell division, production of depicolinic acid
l. cell division, production of a dipicolinic acid. addition of a protein coat
m. outgrowth, activation, germination
n. activation, germination, and outgrowth
o. activation, cell division, germination
m
Why is colstridium difficile infection so dangerous?
p. clostridium difficile causes anthrax
q. the endospores can survive antibiotic treatments
r. because the patient has to be treated with glutaraldehyde
s. the endospores will germinate in the high oxygen environment of wounds
t. endospores secrete dangerous toxins
q
Which is TRUE about plasmids?
a. They can contain between 5 and 100 genes
b. Bacteria either have a chromosome or a plasmid but not both
c. Only bacteria of the same species have the same plasmids
d. They can’t be artificially created
e. They are essential for survival
a
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of most plasmids?
f. they are single-stranded
g. they are circular
h. they are not essential
i. they are double-stranded
j. they are extrachromosomal
f
A bacterial compound that kills or inhibits another bacteria is a/an
k. antibiotic
l. virulence factor
m. r plasmid
n. f plasmid
o. bacteriocin
o
Which of the following would you not expect to see on a plasmid?
p gene for the toxin in B. anthracis.
q. gene for penicillin resistance
r. gene for cell wall synthesis
s. gene for constructioon of the conjugation pilus
t. gene for bacteriocin production
r
Where in the cell are plasmids usually located?
u. in the cytoplasm
v. integrated into the chromosome
w. wrapped around ribosomes
x. embedded in the cell membrane
y. plasmids are extracellular
u
Which statement is TRUE regarding conjugation?
a. it requires a virus
b. it can only occur between bacteria of the same species
c. the cells never come into direct contact
d. it can occur between different species of bacteria
e. it requires a pilus
d
Which is an example of vertical gene transfer
f. passage through a pilus
g. passage via a bacteriophage
h. conjugation
i. transformation
j. [assage from mother cell to daughter cell
j
Conjugation has been linked to
k. the transmission of antibiotic resistance among bacteria
l. the elimination of the bacterial chromosome
m. the transmission of ribosomes between bacteria
n. more efficient binary fission
o. virus reproduction and virulence
k
A plasmid is
p. a protein required for cell division
q. the entire bacterial genome
r. the structure in the nucleus that encodes for genes
s. a small, extrachromosomal circle of DNA
t. a structure that attaches cells together for conjugation
s
Conjugation is
u. vertical gene transfer
v. transfer of DNA by bacteriophage viruses
w. the acquisition of antibiotic resistance
x. transfer of DNA from one cell to another through a pilys
y. the uptake of free, environmental DNA
x
