Introduction Flashcards
Variolation
Method first used to immunize an individual against Small Pox with material taken from a patient or a recently variolated individual in the hope that a mild but protective infection would result
Largest Virus
Pox Virus
Viruses were propagated in _______ before cultures became available.
Viruses were propagated in eggs before cultures became available.
Studing veterinary virology is important because
- Viruses cause high rates of mortality and morbidity in animals
- Viral diseases in animals cause financial loss
- Zoonosis
Edward Jenner
Inoculated cowpox matter repeatedly into arms of healthy 8 year old boys who became immune and did not succumb to small pox
First discovered viral disease
Foot and Mouth Disease
Friedrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch
Passed the first animal virus through a filter - first evidence of animal viruses
Pandemic
Infectious diseases that are spread globally
Virion
Complete virus particle that consists of an RNA or DNA core with a protein coat sometimes with external envelopes and that is the extracellular infective form of a virus
T/F: Viruses contain nucleic acid genome surrounded by a protein coat.
True
Virologist
Someone who studies viruses
T/F: Viruses are living entities
False
Virology
The study of viruses and viral diseases
What effect did Rinderpest have on humans?
Led to starvation resulting in the death of an estimated third of the human population of Ethiopia and two-thirds of the Maasai people of Tanzania.
Dr. Walter Reed
Known internationally for his discovery that yellow fever was spread through mosquito
Dmitri Ivanovski
Used the Chamberland Filter to isolate Tobacco Mosaic Virus
_____________ - killed more thatn 5.2 million cattle south of Zambenzi River, Africa.
Rinderpest - killed more thatn 5.2 million cattle south of Zambenzi River, Africa.
Smallest Virus
Parvovirus
Louis Pasteur
Injected dried, potassium hydroxide treated, infected rabbit brain material into two boys bitten by rabid dogs and both recovered
Explain the process of virus replication
Resembles an assmbly line in which various parts of the virus come together from different parts of the host cell to form a new virus particle
Charles Chamberland
Invented filter with pores smaller than bacteria - discovery of viruses began with the filter
Virus
Broad general terminology used to describe any aspect of the infectious agent and includes the infectious or inactivated virus particle, or viral nucleic acid and protein in the infected cell.
Martinus Beijerinck
Called filtered, infectious substance a virus - considered to be the beginning of virology
Viroid
Infectious particle smaller than any of the known viruses, an agent of certain plant diseases. Particle consists only of an extremely small circular RNA molecue, lacking the protein coat of a virus.
Oncogenic Viruses
Viruses that cause cancer
Peyton Rous
Isolated the first tumor-causing animal virus
Eradication of infectious diseases involves
Eradication of infectious diseases involves the complete elimination of the pathogen or diseas causing agent from a defined geograpic region.
Zoonosis
Infectious diseases transmitted from animals to people
T/F: Viruses can make energy and proteins by themselves
False
_____________________
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites
Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll
Invented the electron microscope
