Introduction Flashcards
1
Q
What is the aim of Antimicrobial stewardship programs?
A
- Minimizing the emergence of antimicrobial resistance
2
Q
How do stewardship programs aim to minimsise resistance?
Principles to implement?
A
-
Judicious
use of ABx - Right dose ABx
- Right frequency ABx
- Right duration ABx
3
Q
What is an important antistaphylococcal drug, but must be given IV because oral absorption is negligible?
A
Vancomycin
4
Q
How long to continue ABx when pt. clinically improved?
A
- Can continue ABx for further 72 hours
5
Q
Why switch from IV to oral form of ABx?
A
- Reduces impact on native flora
- Reduces risk of resistance
6
Q
Well known Toxicity of aminoglycosides:
A
- Kidney - Nephrotoxic
- Cranial nerve VIII - Ototoxic
7
Q
Characteristics of gram positive organisms:
A
- Thick outer layer of peptidoglycan on cell wall
- Appear blue
8
Q
Characteristics of Gram negative organisms:
A
- Thin layer of peptidoglycan beneath an outer membrane
- Appear red
9
Q
What is acid fast stain used for?
A
- Used to identify bacteria that take up Gram stain poorly
- E.g., Mycobacterium, Nocardia
10
Q
Colour of organisms on acid fast stain:
A
- Acid-fast organisms appear red
- Non-acid-fast organisms appear blue
11
Q
Use of Wright’s stain:
A
- Used for intercellular organisms
12
Q
What is the MIC?
A
- The minimal concentration of antibiotic
- In which visible growth of bacteria is inhibited
13
Q
What is MBC?
A
- The lowest antibiotic concentration
- Which kills all organisms
14
Q
Risk factors for developing MRSA:
A
- Recent hospitalization or surgery
- Nursing home residence
- Having an indwelling vascular catheter
15
Q
Enterococcus faecium is
notorious for colonizing and / or infecting:
A
1.Pressure sores
