Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gen. Anatomy Lecture > Integumentary System-Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Integumentary System-Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two components of the integumentary system?

A

(1) the cutaneous membrane

(2) accessory structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

part of the cutaneous membrane, stratified squamous epithelial tissue, most layers of tissue per density, closest to waterproof

A

epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

part of the cutaneous membrane, composed of connective tissue, vascular, fibers and ground substance

A

dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

include hair, nails, and glands

A

accessory structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

A

(1) minimize damage (mechanical, bacterial, chemical)
(2) desiccation (keep the in in and the out out)
(3) aid in heat regulation
(4) aid in excretion of urea and uric acid
(5) synthesize vitamin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

stratified squamous epithelium, lack blood vessels, but can divide, older cells are pushed to the surface, older cells are dead b/c of lowest MBR

A

epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the four kinds of epithelial cells?

A

(1) kerationcytes
(2) melanocytes
(3) Langerhan Cells
(4) Merkel Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

make up about about 90% of epidermal cells, produce keratin, provide physical and osmotic protection

A

kerationcytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

make up about 8% of epidermal cells, produce melanin, provide protection against UV rays

A

melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

wandering macrophages, from bone marrow, provide immune response, specialize in microbes and superficial cancer

A

Langerhan cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

found in deepest layer of epidermis, house fine touch receptors

A

Merkel Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

True or False: Everyone has the same number of melanocytes?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What determines a persons skin color?

A

genetic expression and UV exposure

melanocyte stimulating hormone and keeping melanosomes around the nucleus to protect DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Freckles, or liver spots, form when __________ gather in a patch

A

melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A mole, or nevus, forms when ____________ overgrow locally

A

melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis?

A

(1) Stratum Germinativum
(2) Stratum Spinosum
(3) Stratum Granulosum
(4) Stratum Lucidum (thick skin only)
(5) Stratum Corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How long does is the lifespan of a epidermal cell?

A

15 to 30 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

deepest single layer of cells, includes merkel cells, melanocytes, keratinocytes and stem cells, have desmosomes and hemidesmosomes (ridges and papillae), more SA=more strength

A

Stratum Germinativum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

8 to 10 cell layers, joined by desmosomes, melanin taken in by phagocytes, cells shrink and look spiky

A

Stratum Spinosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the process of cells shrinking and looking spiky

A

crenation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

3 to 5 layers of flat dying cells, lack organelles, dark staining keratohyalin granules, lamellar granules release lipid that repels water

A

Stratum Granulosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

only found in thick skin (palms and soles of feet), 3 to 5 layers of clear, flat, dead cells, full of keratin, most waterproof layer, lipid sandwich of keratin

A

Stratum Lucidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

shed in sheets due to desmosome junctions (think people holding hands), friction stimulates callus formation, insensible perspiration of approximately 1 pint per day, burns or xerosis patients

A

Stratum Corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

palmer and plantar surface, approx. 30 layers of stratum conreum, contains all 5 layers

A

thick skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
includes all other body surfaces, few layers of stratum corneum, no stratum lucidum
thin skin
26
What are the two layers of the Dermis?
(1) Papillary Plexus | (2) Reticular Layer
27
areolar connective tissue layer of dermis, includes capillaries and neurons, inflammation can occur from poison ivy, dermatitus, contains dermal papillae
papillary layer
28
dense irregular connective tissue, collagen for strength and elastin for flexibility, anchoring layer, large vessels, nerves, adipocytes and arrector pili muscle
reticular layer
29
What are the two layers that get blood to the skin?
(1) papillary plexus | (2) cutaneous plexus
30
epidermal/dermal boundary, nourishes epidermis, contains the papillary reflex (blushing), ruptures to this layer cause bruising (bleeding into CT)
papillary plexus
31
found in hypodermis, houses arteries and veins that supply the skin, contains a large venous reservoir (largest pool of blood in body), site for injection
cutaneous plexus
32
Why do people get stretch marks?
from weight gain or seen after weight loss, collagenous fibers stretch, loose their elasticity and break, fibers tear and loss of recoil amongst elastin
33
parallel bundles of collagen and elastic fibers in reticular dermis, give the skin strength and direction, are a vital understanding for surgery
cleavage lines
34
What happens when incisions are made parallel to cleavage lines?
minimal scaring and wounds heal faster
35
What happens when incisions or cuts are made perpendicular to cleavage lines?
elastic fibers open, slower healing and more scaring
36
areolar and adipose connective tissues, collagen and elastic fibers while adipose insulates, houses major blood vessels and nerves, no distinct boundary and stabilizes the skin
hypodermis (superficial fascia or subcutaneous layer)
37
accessory structure on most surfaces of body (besides lips, plantar, parts of digits, and palmer surfaces), can be altered, total number fixed at gestation
hair
38
peach fuzz hair
vellus
39
arm hair
intermediate
40
thicker hair with a darker pigment, more coarse
terminal
41
What are the 3 main functions of hair?
(1) protection (2) insulation (3) sensation
42
smooth muscle that moves hair by pulling on the follicle and elevating the hair, produces goose bumps, insulatory mechanism
arrector pilli muscle
43
sensory nerves that surround a hair follicle, direct hair movement, hypersensitivity as movement of the shaft can be felt
root hair plexus
44
flexible, soft keratin core of a hair
medulla
45
layers of hard keratin which give the hair its desired stiffness
cortex
46
extremely thin, tough layer that contains more hard keratin
cuticle
47
The _______ of the hair projects superficial to the skin, while the ___________ penetrates into the dermis
shaft, root
48
surrounds the root of the hair, contains the root sheath, external root sheath, and glassy membrane
follicle
49
epithelial layer involved in hair production, allows for growth
matrix
50
indicates an inactive follicle, appears at end of growth cycle, pushed out when next growth cycle begins
club hair
51
What are the 2 kinds of specialized exocrine glands of the dermis?
(1) sebaceous glands (oil) | 2) sudoriferous glands (sweat
52
secrete sebum (oil) through holocrine secretion, decreases evaporation, bacterial growth, and prevents the skin from cracking, released into hair follicle if hair present, otherwise sebum is secreted onto epidermis
sebaceous (oil) gland
53
secrete sweat through merocrine secretion, regulate body temperature, excrete water and electrolytes, protect against environment and microbes, under neural control, include apocrine and merocrine types
sudoriferous (sweat) glands
54
most areas of the skin, secretory portion in dermis with duct to surface, active throughout life, secrete directly onto skin surface
merocrine sudoriferous glands
55
associated with a hair follicle, located in axialle and groin, produces viscous secretins at puberty, reduces friction and secretes pheromones
apocrine sudoriferous glands
56
limit the distortion of mechanical pressure within digits
nail
57
fungal, bacterial, viral, allergens, glandular pathology, and regulatory pathology
types of skin infections
58
tissue damage and cell death, can result from exposure to heat, electricity, UV radiation, and chemicals, can result in dehydration (increased insensible perspiration), electrolyte imbalance and circulatory shock
burns to skin
59
only the epidermis is damages, skin appears red and swollen
first degree burn
60
epidermis and papillary dermis damaged, skin is red with blisters
second degree burn
61
destroys entire cutaneous membrane, appears gray/white and then black
third degree burn
62
Burn are considered critical if over __% of the body has a 2nd degree burn, or ___% of the body has a 3rd degree burn
25 and 10
63
can include basal cell carcinoma (most common), squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma (in melanocytes)
skin cancer
64
asymmetry, border, color, diameter, elevation
ABCDE detection rule for skin cancer (only guidelines)

Gen. Anatomy Lecture (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions