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Gen. Anatomy Lecture > Articulations-Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Articulations-Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

another word for articulations

A

joints

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2
Q

articulations ___________ permit movement

A

may

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3
Q

study of joints

A

arthrology

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4
Q

study of motion

A

kinesiology

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5
Q

immovable joint

A

synarthrosis

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6
Q

slightly movable joint

A

amphiarthrosis

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7
Q

freely movable joint

A

diarthrosis

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8
Q

fibrous joint has _____________

A

collagen fibers

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9
Q

cartilaginous joint has ____________

A

cartilage

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10
Q

synovial joint has ____________

A

joint capsule and accessory ligaments

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11
Q

a joint that lacks a synovial cavity, bones are held together by fibrous connective tissue (little to no movement), can be one of 3 structural types

A

fibrous joints

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12
Q

What are the 3 structural types of fibrous joints?

A

(1) sutural
(2) gomphoses
(3) sydesmoses

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13
Q

a kind of fibrous joint where dense fibrous tissue forms a sutural ligament, unites the bones of the skull

A

sutures

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14
Q

a kind of fibrous joint where dense fibrous connective tissue form a periodontal ligament, example includes teeth in alveolar process, amphiarthrotic

A

gomphoses

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15
Q

a fibrous joint where dense fibrous connective tissue forms an interosseous ligament, connects 2 moveable bones, amphiarthrotic

A

syndesmoses

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16
Q

a joint that lacks a synovial cavity and bone are tightly connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage, allows little to no movement, can be one of 2 structural types

A

cartilaginous joints

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17
Q

a kind of cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage, (ex. epiphyseal plate)

A

synchondroses

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18
Q

the fusion of bones in a synarthrotic joint

A

synostosis

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19
Q

a kind of cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by fibrocartilage, (includes vertebral discs)

A

symphyses

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20
Q

a joint where bones are separated by a synovial cavity, encased in a joint capsule of dense irregular tissue, has a synovial membrane and articular cartilage, also contains synovial fluid as its only blood supply

A

synovial joints

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21
Q

What makes up synovial fluid?

A

blood filtrate, hyaluronic acid, glycoproteins

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22
Q

a kind of movement where opposing surfaces slide past one another, (pencil is vertical and the tip slides in a + motion)

A

linear motion (gliding motion)

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23
Q

a kind of movement where a change in angle between shaft and articular surface is seen , classification is determined by change from anatomical position (pencil tip remains stationary, shaft changes angle)

A

angular motion

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24
Q

movement away from longitudinal axis

A

abduction

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25
movement toward longitudinal axis
adduction
26
a decrease in anterior/posterior angle
flexion
27
an increase in anterior/posterior angle
extension
28
circular motion w/o rotation
circumduction
29
a kind of movement where spinning of the shaft occurs without changing the angle (pencil has upright angle, spins around longitudinal axis)
rotation motion
30
medial rotation moves ______________
inward
31
lateral rotation moves __________
outward
32
movement of the radius inward
pronation
33
movement of the radius outward
supination
34
twisting the sole of the foot inward and outward
inversion and eversion
35
elevating the distal and proximal foot
dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
36
bending the vertebral column to the side
lateral flexion
37
horizontal anterior/posterior motion
protraction and retraction
38
pad of thumb to/from other digits
opposition and reposition
39
vertical superior/inferior motion
elevation and depression
40
flattened or slightly curved surfaces, exhibits linear movement, as seen in sternoclavicular joint and intercarpal joint
plane joint
41
convex surface of one bone that fits into concave on another, allows monaxial angular motion (flexion and extension), as seen in knee and elbow
hinge joint
42
rounded surface that articulates with ring (fromed by a 2nd bone or ligament), monaxial rotation motion, seen in atlanto-axial joint
pivot joint
43
one bone saddle shaped, other bone straddles it, biaxial angular motion (opposition and reposition, circumduction), seen in trapezium and thumb metacarpal
saddle joint
44
ball fitting into cuplike depression (mortar and pestle), multiaxial motion, greatest ROM, angular motion of flexion/extension and abduction/adduction, also rotation motion, as seen in shoulder and hip joint
ball and socket joint
45
2 synovial joints separated by a disc of fibrocartilage, as seen in tempromandibular joint and hinge joint because of linear and rotational motion
combination joint
46
strength and range of movement modified by accessory structures such as _________, __________, and __________. Articular surfaces also play a role
(1) ligaments (2) cartilage (3) fat pads
47
connect bone to bone with dense regular CT, reinforce and strengthen joint capsule
ligaments
48
What are the 2 kinds of ligaments?
(1) extracapsular ligaments | (2) intracapsular ligaments
49
What are the synovial joint accessory structures?
(1) ligaments (2) menisci (3) fat pads (4) bursae
50
pads of fibrocartilage, provide cushion upon impact, permit variation in surface contact, channel synovial fluid flow
articular discs (menisci)
51
adipose connective tissue, superficial to joint capsule, protect articular cartilage, change shape with motion
fat pads
52
pockets of synovial fluid in connective tissue, found where ligaments/tendon rubs against other tissue, helps to reduce friction, provide cushion and support
bursae
53
a ball and socket, where the head of the humerus meets the glenoid cavity (covered by the genoid labrum as dense irregular connective tissue), allows the biggest range of motion, requires many complex ligaments to stabilize
glenohumeral joint
54
What are the 2 joint that make up the elbow joint?
(1) humerus and ulna | (2) humerus and radius
55
one of the elbow joints, is a hinge that provides flexion and extension, bones interlock which promotes stability and limits hyperextension
humerus and ulna joint
56
one of the elbow joints, is a pivot joint that allows for pronation and supination
humerus and radius joint
57
What are the 2 joints of the wrist?
(1) radiocarpal joint | (2) intercarpal joint
58
one of the joints in the wrist, condylar which limits biaxial motion, allows for flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and circumduction
radiocarpal joint
59
one of the joints in the wrist, a planar joint that limits multiaxial motion, linear
intercarpal joints
60
What are the 3 joints of the hand?
(1) Carpometacarpal joints (2) Metacarpophalangeal joints (3) Interphalangeal joints
61
a joint in the hand, has the thumb (saddle) and the other digits (plane)
carpometacarpal joints
62
a joint in the hand, connects the hand to fingers (condylar) allows for flexion/extension and adduction/abduction
metacarpophalangeal joints
63
a joint in the hand, contains the fingers which are hinge joints, allow for flexion and extension
interphalangeal joints
64
a ball and socket joint, where the head of the femur meets the acetabulum of pelvis, covered by the acetabular labrum (fibrocartilage, not dense irregular CT) contains a fat pad in center for shock absorption
hip joint
65
supports lots of body mass, allows up to 160 degrees of motion, must be unobstructed by muscle mass, ligaments must not limit motion, most complex joint
knee joint
66
What are the 2 joints within the knee joint?
(1) tibiofemoral joint | (2) patellofemoral joint
67
a joint within the knee, a hinge joint that allows for flexion/extension, some rotation allowed (less stable than most hinge joints)
tibiofemoral joint
68
a joint within the knee, a plane joint that allows for sliding
patellofemoral joint
69
What is the weight bearing joint within the ankle?
tibiotalar joint
70
a hinge joint in the ankle that allows dorsi and plantar flexion
talocrural joint
71
The proximal tibiofibular, distal tibiofibular, and fibulotalar joint allows for __________
mediolateral stability
72
plane joint between tarsals
intertarsal joint
73
plane joints between tarsals and metatarsals
tarsometatarsal joint
74
condylar joints between metatarsals and digits
metatarsalphalangeal joint
75
hinge joints in digits
interphalangeal joints
76
articulate at superior and inferior articular processes, plane joints that allow flexion/extension, lateral flexion, and rotation, separated by intervertebral discs
intervertebral joints
77
fibrocartilage for strength in intervertebral joint
anulus fibrosus
78
made of 75% water (decreases with age), hyaluronan, loose reticular and elastic fibers for increased resiliency and shock absorption
nucleus pulposus
79
made of hyaline and fibrocartilage, adds strength and stability
vertebral end plates
80
commonly called a slipped disc, vertebral movement compresses nucleus, longitudinal ligaments weakened and motor/sensory nerves compressed
herniated disc
81
Why is spinal decompression not a good fix to a herniated disc?
not a quick regenerative process as shown, creates a laxity in ligaments and weakens them more allowing for a greater chance of re-injury
82
What should be done instead of spinal decompression?
surrounding muscles should be strengthened to release the nerve of pressure and provide structural support to the ligament
83
general pain and stiffness to the muscles or skeleton
rheumatism
84
rheumatic disease with inflammation of synovial joints
arthritis
85
loss of articular cartilage within a synovial joint, leads to bone degradation
osteoarthritis
86
autoimmune inflammatory disease
rheumatoid arthritis
87
inflammation of urate crystals
gouty arthritis

Gen. Anatomy Lecture (15 decks)

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