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Gen. Anatomy Lecture > Articulations-Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Articulations-Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

another word for articulations

A

joints

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2
Q

articulations ___________ permit movement

A

may

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3
Q

study of joints

A

arthrology

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4
Q

study of motion

A

kinesiology

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5
Q

immovable joint

A

synarthrosis

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6
Q

slightly movable joint

A

amphiarthrosis

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7
Q

freely movable joint

A

diarthrosis

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8
Q

fibrous joint has _____________

A

collagen fibers

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9
Q

cartilaginous joint has ____________

A

cartilage

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10
Q

synovial joint has ____________

A

joint capsule and accessory ligaments

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11
Q

a joint that lacks a synovial cavity, bones are held together by fibrous connective tissue (little to no movement), can be one of 3 structural types

A

fibrous joints

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12
Q

What are the 3 structural types of fibrous joints?

A

(1) sutural
(2) gomphoses
(3) sydesmoses

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13
Q

a kind of fibrous joint where dense fibrous tissue forms a sutural ligament, unites the bones of the skull

A

sutures

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14
Q

a kind of fibrous joint where dense fibrous connective tissue form a periodontal ligament, example includes teeth in alveolar process, amphiarthrotic

A

gomphoses

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15
Q

a fibrous joint where dense fibrous connective tissue forms an interosseous ligament, connects 2 moveable bones, amphiarthrotic

A

syndesmoses

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16
Q

a joint that lacks a synovial cavity and bone are tightly connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage, allows little to no movement, can be one of 2 structural types

A

cartilaginous joints

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17
Q

a kind of cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage, (ex. epiphyseal plate)

A

synchondroses

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18
Q

the fusion of bones in a synarthrotic joint

A

synostosis

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19
Q

a kind of cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by fibrocartilage, (includes vertebral discs)

A

symphyses

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20
Q

a joint where bones are separated by a synovial cavity, encased in a joint capsule of dense irregular tissue, has a synovial membrane and articular cartilage, also contains synovial fluid as its only blood supply

A

synovial joints

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21
Q

What makes up synovial fluid?

A

blood filtrate, hyaluronic acid, glycoproteins

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22
Q

a kind of movement where opposing surfaces slide past one another, (pencil is vertical and the tip slides in a + motion)

A

linear motion (gliding motion)

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23
Q

a kind of movement where a change in angle between shaft and articular surface is seen , classification is determined by change from anatomical position (pencil tip remains stationary, shaft changes angle)

A

angular motion

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24
Q

movement away from longitudinal axis

A

abduction

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25
Q

movement toward longitudinal axis

A

adduction

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26
Q

a decrease in anterior/posterior angle

A

flexion

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27
Q

an increase in anterior/posterior angle

A

extension

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28
Q

circular motion w/o rotation

A

circumduction

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29
Q

a kind of movement where spinning of the shaft occurs without changing the angle (pencil has upright angle, spins around longitudinal axis)

A

rotation motion

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30
Q

medial rotation moves ______________

A

inward

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31
Q

lateral rotation moves __________

A

outward

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32
Q

movement of the radius inward

A

pronation

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33
Q

movement of the radius outward

A

supination

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34
Q

twisting the sole of the foot inward and outward

A

inversion and eversion

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35
Q

elevating the distal and proximal foot

A

dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

36
Q

bending the vertebral column to the side

A

lateral flexion

37
Q

horizontal anterior/posterior motion

A

protraction and retraction

38
Q

pad of thumb to/from other digits

A

opposition and reposition

39
Q

vertical superior/inferior motion

A

elevation and depression

40
Q

flattened or slightly curved surfaces, exhibits linear movement, as seen in sternoclavicular joint and intercarpal joint

A

plane joint

41
Q

convex surface of one bone that fits into concave on another, allows monaxial angular motion (flexion and extension), as seen in knee and elbow

A

hinge joint

42
Q

rounded surface that articulates with ring (fromed by a 2nd bone or ligament), monaxial rotation motion, seen in atlanto-axial joint

A

pivot joint

43
Q

one bone saddle shaped, other bone straddles it, biaxial angular motion (opposition and reposition, circumduction), seen in trapezium and thumb metacarpal

A

saddle joint

44
Q

ball fitting into cuplike depression (mortar and pestle), multiaxial motion, greatest ROM, angular motion of flexion/extension and abduction/adduction, also rotation motion, as seen in shoulder and hip joint

A

ball and socket joint

45
Q

2 synovial joints separated by a disc of fibrocartilage, as seen in tempromandibular joint and hinge joint because of linear and rotational motion

A

combination joint

46
Q

strength and range of movement modified by accessory structures such as _________, __________, and __________. Articular surfaces also play a role

A

(1) ligaments
(2) cartilage
(3) fat pads

47
Q

connect bone to bone with dense regular CT, reinforce and strengthen joint capsule

A

ligaments

48
Q

What are the 2 kinds of ligaments?

A

(1) extracapsular ligaments

(2) intracapsular ligaments

49
Q

What are the synovial joint accessory structures?

A

(1) ligaments
(2) menisci
(3) fat pads
(4) bursae

50
Q

pads of fibrocartilage, provide cushion upon impact, permit variation in surface contact, channel synovial fluid flow

A

articular discs (menisci)

51
Q

adipose connective tissue, superficial to joint capsule, protect articular cartilage, change shape with motion

A

fat pads

52
Q

pockets of synovial fluid in connective tissue, found where ligaments/tendon rubs against other tissue, helps to reduce friction, provide cushion and support

A

bursae

53
Q

a ball and socket, where the head of the humerus meets the glenoid cavity (covered by the genoid labrum as dense irregular connective tissue), allows the biggest range of motion, requires many complex ligaments to stabilize

A

glenohumeral joint

54
Q

What are the 2 joint that make up the elbow joint?

A

(1) humerus and ulna

(2) humerus and radius

55
Q

one of the elbow joints, is a hinge that provides flexion and extension, bones interlock which promotes stability and limits hyperextension

A

humerus and ulna joint

56
Q

one of the elbow joints, is a pivot joint that allows for pronation and supination

A

humerus and radius joint

57
Q

What are the 2 joints of the wrist?

A

(1) radiocarpal joint

(2) intercarpal joint

58
Q

one of the joints in the wrist, condylar which limits biaxial motion, allows for flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and circumduction

A

radiocarpal joint

59
Q

one of the joints in the wrist, a planar joint that limits multiaxial motion, linear

A

intercarpal joints

60
Q

What are the 3 joints of the hand?

A

(1) Carpometacarpal joints
(2) Metacarpophalangeal joints
(3) Interphalangeal joints

61
Q

a joint in the hand, has the thumb (saddle) and the other digits (plane)

A

carpometacarpal joints

62
Q

a joint in the hand, connects the hand to fingers (condylar) allows for flexion/extension and adduction/abduction

A

metacarpophalangeal joints

63
Q

a joint in the hand, contains the fingers which are hinge joints, allow for flexion and extension

A

interphalangeal joints

64
Q

a ball and socket joint, where the head of the femur meets the acetabulum of pelvis, covered by the acetabular labrum (fibrocartilage, not dense irregular CT) contains a fat pad in center for shock absorption

A

hip joint

65
Q

supports lots of body mass, allows up to 160 degrees of motion, must be unobstructed by muscle mass, ligaments must not limit motion, most complex joint

A

knee joint

66
Q

What are the 2 joints within the knee joint?

A

(1) tibiofemoral joint

(2) patellofemoral joint

67
Q

a joint within the knee, a hinge joint that allows for flexion/extension, some rotation allowed (less stable than most hinge joints)

A

tibiofemoral joint

68
Q

a joint within the knee, a plane joint that allows for sliding

A

patellofemoral joint

69
Q

What is the weight bearing joint within the ankle?

A

tibiotalar joint

70
Q

a hinge joint in the ankle that allows dorsi and plantar flexion

A

talocrural joint

71
Q

The proximal tibiofibular, distal tibiofibular, and fibulotalar joint allows for __________

A

mediolateral stability

72
Q

plane joint between tarsals

A

intertarsal joint

73
Q

plane joints between tarsals and metatarsals

A

tarsometatarsal joint

74
Q

condylar joints between metatarsals and digits

A

metatarsalphalangeal joint

75
Q

hinge joints in digits

A

interphalangeal joints

76
Q

articulate at superior and inferior articular processes, plane joints that allow flexion/extension, lateral flexion, and rotation, separated by intervertebral discs

A

intervertebral joints

77
Q

fibrocartilage for strength in intervertebral joint

A

anulus fibrosus

78
Q

made of 75% water (decreases with age), hyaluronan, loose reticular and elastic fibers for increased resiliency and shock absorption

A

nucleus pulposus

79
Q

made of hyaline and fibrocartilage, adds strength and stability

A

vertebral end plates

80
Q

commonly called a slipped disc, vertebral movement compresses nucleus, longitudinal ligaments weakened and motor/sensory nerves compressed

A

herniated disc

81
Q

Why is spinal decompression not a good fix to a herniated disc?

A

not a quick regenerative process as shown, creates a laxity in ligaments and weakens them more allowing for a greater chance of re-injury

82
Q

What should be done instead of spinal decompression?

A

surrounding muscles should be strengthened to release the nerve of pressure and provide structural support to the ligament

83
Q

general pain and stiffness to the muscles or skeleton

A

rheumatism

84
Q

rheumatic disease with inflammation of synovial joints

A

arthritis

85
Q

loss of articular cartilage within a synovial joint, leads to bone degradation

A

osteoarthritis

86
Q

autoimmune inflammatory disease

A

rheumatoid arthritis

87
Q

inflammation of urate crystals

A

gouty arthritis

Gen. Anatomy Lecture (15 decks)

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