Autonomic Nervous System- Chapter 17 Flashcards

1
Q

no direct conscious control (through hypothalamus), regulates visceral activities, efferent pathway of 2 neurons (pre and post ganglionic), different spinal nerves to same target axon

A

autonomic nervous system

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2
Q

all efferent, affect targets via neurotransmitters, (Ach, E or NE), preganglionic soma lie in CNS, postganglionic soma in autonomic ganglion

A

autonomic nerve fibers

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3
Q

The autonomic nervous system is made up of a balance of the _________ and ___________

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

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4
Q

epinephrine comes from the __________

A

blood

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5
Q

norepinephrine comes form the __________

A

neurons

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6
Q

activity elevated during periods of stressful situations (NE)

A

sympathetic nervous system

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7
Q

activity elevated during periods of resting state of body, rest, digest and restoration

A

parasympathetic nervous system

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8
Q

The parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems often work ____________

A

antagonistically, cause opposite responses, some organs are only innervated by one division

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9
Q

originate from T1 or L2, soma in CNS, exit CNS from ventral root, travel in compound spinal nerves, enter sympathetic ganglia via white ramus

A

preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division

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10
Q

parallel to spinal column, efferents to body wall or thoracic cavity, proximal

A

soma of postganglionic neurons in chain sympathetic ganglia

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11
Q

anterior and lateral to descending aorta, effernts to digestive and reproductive organs, distal

A

soma of postganglionic neurons in collateral ganglia

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12
Q

innervated by T1 to L2 only, fusion causes much variability, one on each side of spinal column, generally not innervated by their corresponding spinal nerves

A

sympathetic chain ganglia

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13
Q

chain preganglionic fibers leave the spinal nerve via the ___________

A

white ramus

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14
Q

Once inside a ganglion, a preganglionic fiber can………..

A

(1) synapse inside first ganglion
(2) travel through chain, synapse inside different ganglion
(3) pass through chain w/o synapsing (collateral ganglion or adrenal gland)

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15
Q

postganglionic fibers are _______ compared to preganglionic fibers

A

less myelinated

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16
Q

Once inside a ganglion, a postganglionic fiber can………

A

(1) exit via gray ramus to spinal nerve and effector

(2) exit via sympathetic nerve to effector

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17
Q

What are the 3 collateral ganglia where synapses can occur?

A

(1) celiac ganglia
(2) superior mesenteric
(3) inferior mesenteric

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18
Q

What part of the body do sympathetic collateral ganglia travel to?

A

abdominopelvic cavity (digestive, reproductive, and urinary)

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19
Q

similar to a modified collateral ganglion, preganglionic fiber go through both the sympathetic chain and celiac ganglion and straight to the medulla adrenal gland, postganglionic fibers evolved into chromaffin cells (secrete E into blood)

A

adrenal medullae

20
Q

the __________ stimulate preganglioinic neurons

21
Q

Preganglionic neurons release _______ on to a ________ receptor

A

Ach, nicotinic

22
Q

Postganglionic neurons release _________ on to an __________ receport

A

NE, adrenergic

23
Q

What are the overall effects of the sympathetic division?

A

(1) increased sensory input
(2) increased energy
(3) increased cardiac output
(4) increased respiration
(5) increased resting muscle tone

24
Q

In the sympathetic division, the preganglionic fiber is ________ and the postganglionic fiber is ________

A

short, long

25
In the sympathetic division, neurons synapse in the ________________ or __________
sympathetic chain or collateral ganglia
26
In the sympathetic division, preganglionic fibers release _____, postganglionic fibers release ________
Ach, NE
27
The sympathetic division prepares the body for __________ or _________
fight or flight
28
The effects of the sympathetic division are ________ and __________
widespread and persistent
29
cranial nerves 3, 7, & 9 innervate eyes and facial glands travel to ganglia near target organs, cranial nerve 10 and S2-4 converge in large autonomic plexus and innervate heart, lungs, GI tract and sexual organs
preganglionic fibers in parasympathetic division
30
very short, ear on in target organ, effects are localized
postganglionic fibers in parasympathetic division
31
In the parasympathetic division the __________ stimulates preganglionic neurons and release ______ onto the __________
CNS, Ach, nicotinic
32
In the parasympathetic division, the postganglionic neurons release _________ on to a ___________which go onto a target tissue
Ach, muscarinic receptors
33
What are some of the functions of the parasympathetic division of the efferent nervous system?
rest, repair, digest, stimulate secretion of digestive glands, secretion of hormones promoting nutrient absorption, simulate defecation, contraction of urinary bladder
34
In the parasympathetic division, the ___________ fiber is long and the _____________ fiber is short
preganglionic, postganglionic
35
In the parasympathetic division, neurons synapse in ganglia ______________
in or near target organs
36
In the parasympathetic division, the preganglionic fiber releases ________ and the postganglionic fiber releases __________
Ach and Ach
37
The parasympathetic division prepares the body for _________________
rest, repair, and digestion
38
In the parasympathetic division, effects are ___________
localized and short lived (nothing in blood)
39
most organs receive innervation from __________
both divisions (parasympathetic and sympathetic)
40
sympathetic reaches via chain ganglia and parasympathetic reaches cranial ganglia
cranial area innervation
41
sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers mingle at plexuses
thoracic and abdominal region innervation
42
if there is any E in the blood, the response must be __________
somatic
43
collateral ganglia innervate the __________
abdominal cavity
44
if a fiber spends more time in a myelinated area, the response will be __________
quicker
45
in the grey matter, there is _________ chance of finding myelinated fibers
lower