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Gen. Anatomy Lecture > Autonomic Nervous System- Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System- Chapter 17 Flashcards

1
Q

no direct conscious control (through hypothalamus), regulates visceral activities, efferent pathway of 2 neurons (pre and post ganglionic), different spinal nerves to same target axon

A

autonomic nervous system

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2
Q

all efferent, affect targets via neurotransmitters, (Ach, E or NE), preganglionic soma lie in CNS, postganglionic soma in autonomic ganglion

A

autonomic nerve fibers

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3
Q

The autonomic nervous system is made up of a balance of the _________ and ___________

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

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4
Q

epinephrine comes from the __________

A

blood

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5
Q

norepinephrine comes form the __________

A

neurons

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6
Q

activity elevated during periods of stressful situations (NE)

A

sympathetic nervous system

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7
Q

activity elevated during periods of resting state of body, rest, digest and restoration

A

parasympathetic nervous system

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8
Q

The parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems often work ____________

A

antagonistically, cause opposite responses, some organs are only innervated by one division

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9
Q

originate from T1 or L2, soma in CNS, exit CNS from ventral root, travel in compound spinal nerves, enter sympathetic ganglia via white ramus

A

preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division

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10
Q

parallel to spinal column, efferents to body wall or thoracic cavity, proximal

A

soma of postganglionic neurons in chain sympathetic ganglia

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11
Q

anterior and lateral to descending aorta, effernts to digestive and reproductive organs, distal

A

soma of postganglionic neurons in collateral ganglia

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12
Q

innervated by T1 to L2 only, fusion causes much variability, one on each side of spinal column, generally not innervated by their corresponding spinal nerves

A

sympathetic chain ganglia

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13
Q

chain preganglionic fibers leave the spinal nerve via the ___________

A

white ramus

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14
Q

Once inside a ganglion, a preganglionic fiber can………..

A

(1) synapse inside first ganglion
(2) travel through chain, synapse inside different ganglion
(3) pass through chain w/o synapsing (collateral ganglion or adrenal gland)

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15
Q

postganglionic fibers are _______ compared to preganglionic fibers

A

less myelinated

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16
Q

Once inside a ganglion, a postganglionic fiber can………

A

(1) exit via gray ramus to spinal nerve and effector

(2) exit via sympathetic nerve to effector

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17
Q

What are the 3 collateral ganglia where synapses can occur?

A

(1) celiac ganglia
(2) superior mesenteric
(3) inferior mesenteric

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18
Q

What part of the body do sympathetic collateral ganglia travel to?

A

abdominopelvic cavity (digestive, reproductive, and urinary)

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19
Q

similar to a modified collateral ganglion, preganglionic fiber go through both the sympathetic chain and celiac ganglion and straight to the medulla adrenal gland, postganglionic fibers evolved into chromaffin cells (secrete E into blood)

A

adrenal medullae

20
Q

the __________ stimulate preganglioinic neurons

A

CNS

21
Q

Preganglionic neurons release _______ on to a ________ receptor

A

Ach, nicotinic

22
Q

Postganglionic neurons release _________ on to an __________ receport

A

NE, adrenergic

23
Q

What are the overall effects of the sympathetic division?

A

(1) increased sensory input
(2) increased energy
(3) increased cardiac output
(4) increased respiration
(5) increased resting muscle tone

24
Q

In the sympathetic division, the preganglionic fiber is ________ and the postganglionic fiber is ________

A

short, long

25
Q

In the sympathetic division, neurons synapse in the ________________ or __________

A

sympathetic chain or collateral ganglia

26
Q

In the sympathetic division, preganglionic fibers release _____, postganglionic fibers release ________

A

Ach, NE

27
Q

The sympathetic division prepares the body for __________ or _________

A

fight or flight

28
Q

The effects of the sympathetic division are ________ and __________

A

widespread and persistent

29
Q

cranial nerves 3, 7, & 9 innervate eyes and facial glands travel to ganglia near target organs, cranial nerve 10 and S2-4 converge in large autonomic plexus and innervate heart, lungs, GI tract and sexual organs

A

preganglionic fibers in parasympathetic division

30
Q

very short, ear on in target organ, effects are localized

A

postganglionic fibers in parasympathetic division

31
Q

In the parasympathetic division the __________ stimulates preganglionic neurons and release ______ onto the __________

A

CNS, Ach, nicotinic

32
Q

In the parasympathetic division, the postganglionic neurons release _________ on to a ___________which go onto a target tissue

A

Ach, muscarinic receptors

33
Q

What are some of the functions of the parasympathetic division of the efferent nervous system?

A

rest, repair, digest, stimulate secretion of digestive glands, secretion of hormones promoting nutrient absorption, simulate defecation, contraction of urinary bladder

34
Q

In the parasympathetic division, the ___________ fiber is long and the _____________ fiber is short

A

preganglionic, postganglionic

35
Q

In the parasympathetic division, neurons synapse in ganglia ______________

A

in or near target organs

36
Q

In the parasympathetic division, the preganglionic fiber releases ________ and the postganglionic fiber releases __________

A

Ach and Ach

37
Q

The parasympathetic division prepares the body for _________________

A

rest, repair, and digestion

38
Q

In the parasympathetic division, effects are ___________

A

localized and short lived (nothing in blood)

39
Q

most organs receive innervation from __________

A

both divisions (parasympathetic and sympathetic)

40
Q

sympathetic reaches via chain ganglia and parasympathetic reaches cranial ganglia

A

cranial area innervation

41
Q

sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers mingle at plexuses

A

thoracic and abdominal region innervation

42
Q

if there is any E in the blood, the response must be __________

A

somatic

43
Q

collateral ganglia innervate the __________

A

abdominal cavity

44
Q

if a fiber spends more time in a myelinated area, the response will be __________

A

quicker

45
Q

in the grey matter, there is _________ chance of finding myelinated fibers

A

lower

Gen. Anatomy Lecture (15 decks)

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