Autonomic Nervous System- Chapter 17

Question 1

no direct conscious control (through hypothalamus), regulates visceral activities, efferent pathway of 2 neurons (pre and post ganglionic), different spinal nerves to same target axon

Answer 1

autonomic nervous system

Question 2

all efferent, affect targets via neurotransmitters, (Ach, E or NE), preganglionic soma lie in CNS, postganglionic soma in autonomic ganglion

Answer 2

autonomic nerve fibers

Question 3

The autonomic nervous system is made up of a balance of the _________ and ___________

Answer 3

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

Question 4

epinephrine comes from the __________

Answer 4

blood

Question 5

norepinephrine comes form the __________

Answer 5

neurons

Question 6

activity elevated during periods of stressful situations (NE)

Answer 6

sympathetic nervous system

Question 7

activity elevated during periods of resting state of body, rest, digest and restoration

Answer 7

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 8

The parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems often work ____________

Answer 8

antagonistically, cause opposite responses, some organs are only innervated by one division

Question 9

originate from T1 or L2, soma in CNS, exit CNS from ventral root, travel in compound spinal nerves, enter sympathetic ganglia via white ramus

Answer 9

preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division

Question 10

parallel to spinal column, efferents to body wall or thoracic cavity, proximal

Answer 10

soma of postganglionic neurons in chain sympathetic ganglia

Question 11

anterior and lateral to descending aorta, effernts to digestive and reproductive organs, distal

Answer 11

soma of postganglionic neurons in collateral ganglia

Question 12

innervated by T1 to L2 only, fusion causes much variability, one on each side of spinal column, generally not innervated by their corresponding spinal nerves

Answer 12

sympathetic chain ganglia

Question 13

chain preganglionic fibers leave the spinal nerve via the ___________

Answer 13

white ramus

Question 14

Once inside a ganglion, a preganglionic fiber can………..

Answer 14

(1) synapse inside first ganglion
(2) travel through chain, synapse inside different ganglion
(3) pass through chain w/o synapsing (collateral ganglion or adrenal gland)

Question 15

postganglionic fibers are _______ compared to preganglionic fibers

Answer 15

less myelinated

Question 16

Once inside a ganglion, a postganglionic fiber can………

Answer 16

(1) exit via gray ramus to spinal nerve and effector

(2) exit via sympathetic nerve to effector

Question 17

What are the 3 collateral ganglia where synapses can occur?

Answer 17

(1) celiac ganglia
(2) superior mesenteric
(3) inferior mesenteric

Question 18

What part of the body do sympathetic collateral ganglia travel to?

Answer 18

abdominopelvic cavity (digestive, reproductive, and urinary)

Question 19

similar to a modified collateral ganglion, preganglionic fiber go through both the sympathetic chain and celiac ganglion and straight to the medulla adrenal gland, postganglionic fibers evolved into chromaffin cells (secrete E into blood)

Answer 19

adrenal medullae

Question 20

the __________ stimulate preganglioinic neurons

Answer 20

CNS

Question 21

Preganglionic neurons release _______ on to a ________ receptor

Answer 21

Ach, nicotinic

Question 22

Postganglionic neurons release _________ on to an __________ receport

Answer 22

NE, adrenergic

Question 23

What are the overall effects of the sympathetic division?

Answer 23

(1) increased sensory input
(2) increased energy
(3) increased cardiac output
(4) increased respiration
(5) increased resting muscle tone

Question 24

In the sympathetic division, the preganglionic fiber is ________ and the postganglionic fiber is ________

Answer 24

short, long

Question 25

In the sympathetic division, neurons synapse in the ________________ or __________

Answer 25

sympathetic chain or collateral ganglia

Question 26

In the sympathetic division, preganglionic fibers release _____, postganglionic fibers release ________

Answer 26

Ach, NE

Question 27

The sympathetic division prepares the body for __________ or _________

Answer 27

fight or flight

Question 28

The effects of the sympathetic division are ________ and __________

Answer 28

widespread and persistent

Question 29

cranial nerves 3, 7, & 9 innervate eyes and facial glands travel to ganglia near target organs, cranial nerve 10 and S2-4 converge in large autonomic plexus and innervate heart, lungs, GI tract and sexual organs

Answer 29

preganglionic fibers in parasympathetic division

Question 30

very short, ear on in target organ, effects are localized

Answer 30

postganglionic fibers in parasympathetic division

Question 31

In the parasympathetic division the __________ stimulates preganglionic neurons and release ______ onto the __________

Answer 31

CNS, Ach, nicotinic

Question 32

In the parasympathetic division, the postganglionic neurons release _________ on to a ___________which go onto a target tissue

Answer 32

Ach, muscarinic receptors

Question 33

What are some of the functions of the parasympathetic division of the efferent nervous system?

Answer 33

rest, repair, digest, stimulate secretion of digestive glands, secretion of hormones promoting nutrient absorption, simulate defecation, contraction of urinary bladder

Question 34

In the parasympathetic division, the ___________ fiber is long and the _____________ fiber is short

Answer 34

preganglionic, postganglionic

Question 35

In the parasympathetic division, neurons synapse in ganglia ______________

Answer 35

in or near target organs

Question 36

In the parasympathetic division, the preganglionic fiber releases ________ and the postganglionic fiber releases __________

Answer 36

Ach and Ach

Question 37

The parasympathetic division prepares the body for _________________

Answer 37

rest, repair, and digestion

Question 38

In the parasympathetic division, effects are ___________

Answer 38

localized and short lived (nothing in blood)

Question 39

most organs receive innervation from __________

Answer 39

both divisions (parasympathetic and sympathetic)

Question 40

sympathetic reaches via chain ganglia and parasympathetic reaches cranial ganglia

Answer 40

cranial area innervation

Question 41

sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers mingle at plexuses

Answer 41

thoracic and abdominal region innervation

Question 42

if there is any E in the blood, the response must be __________

Answer 42

somatic

Question 43

collateral ganglia innervate the __________

Answer 43

abdominal cavity

Question 44

if a fiber spends more time in a myelinated area, the response will be __________

Answer 44

quicker

Question 45

in the grey matter, there is _________ chance of finding myelinated fibers

Answer 45

lower