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ANAPHYSIO > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

forms the external barriers for first line of defense and forms the boundary between the body and the external environment

A

integumentary system

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2
Q

this system consists of the skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands

A

integumentary system

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3
Q

what are the five functions of the integumentary system

A

protection
sensation
temperature regulation
vitamin D production
excretion

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4
Q

this function reduces the negative and harmful effects of ultraviolet light and keeps microorganisms from entering the body and prevents dehydration by reducing water loss

A

protection

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5
Q

this function can detect heat, cold, touch, pressure, pain

A

sensation

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6
Q

this function regulates body temperature through the modulation of blood flow through the skin and the activity of sweat glands

A

temperature regulation

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7
Q

when exposed to ultraviolet light, the skin produces a molecule that can be transformed into the hormone, an important regulator of calcium homeostasis

A

vitamin D production

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8
Q

small amounts of water products are entered through the skin and glands

A

excretion

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9
Q

it is known as the integument for protection from external agents

A

skin

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10
Q

fibers of the skin that attract and bind water and help the skin stay hydrated

A

collagen fibers

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11
Q

superficial outermost portion of the skin consisting of stratified squamous epithelial tissue and is composed of 5 zones or layers called strata

A

epidermis

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12
Q

this skin structure is avascular, having no blood supply of its own

A

epidermis

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13
Q

its living cells recieve nutrients and excrete waste products by the diffusion of substances

A

epidermis

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14
Q

most cells that make up the epidermis

A

keratinocytes

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15
Q

makes the epidermis a tough protective layer

A

keratinocytes

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16
Q

a fibrous structural protein that lines the uppermost layer of the skin

A

keratin

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17
Q

it is hardened in order to make the epidermis tough and to prevent water loss from the body surface

A

keratin

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18
Q

name the epidermis regions from superficial to deep

A

stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale

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19
Q

deepest layer of the epidermis and lies closest to the dermis and contains the only epidermal cells that recieve

A

stratum basale

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20
Q

this is where (epidermis region) cells undergo cell division constantly, and millions of new cells are produced daily

A

stratum basale

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21
Q

which epidermis region can melanocytes be found

A

stratum basale

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22
Q

special cells found in the stratum basale responsible for producing a pigment that ranges in color from yellow to brown to black.

A

melanocytes

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23
Q

group of pigments responsible for skin, hair, and eye color

A

melanin

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24
Q

it provides protection from ultraviolet light from the sun

A

melanin

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25
Q

it arises from the stratum basale’s increased cell division rates, pushing these cells and become flattened

A

stratum spinosum

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26
Q

where (epidermis region) are lamellar bodies formed

A

stratum spinosum

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27
Q

impermeable, lipid-containing membrane that serves as a water barrier and is required for correct skin barrier function

A

lamellar bodies

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28
Q

this is where (epidermis region) nucleus and other organelles degenerate, and the keratinocyte dies

A

stratum granulosum

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29
Q

a protein structure found in cytoplasmic granules of the keratinosytes in the stratum granulosum

A

keratohyalin

30
Q

during skin differentiation, these granules maturate and expand in size

A

keratohyalin

31
Q

where can keratohyalin be found

A

stratum granulosum

32
Q

a clear dead keratinocyte layer above the stratum granulosum and is located only where the skin is hairless and extra thick in the palms and soles of the feet

A

stratum lucidum

33
Q

the most superficial layer that provides structural strength due to keratin within its cells

A

stratum corneum

34
Q

it is the thick layer of living connective tissue below the epidermis which forms the true skin and is responsible for most of the strength of the skin, containing blood capillaries, nerve endings, sweat glands, hair follicles, lymphatic vessels, and smooth muscles

A

dermis

35
Q

__________ __________ __________ make the dermis tough

A

collagen protein fibers

36
Q

__________ and __________ __________ decreases as you age

A

collagen and elastic fibers

37
Q

what are the dermis regions from superficial to deep

A

papillary layer
reticular layer

38
Q

it is the uneven upper dermal region containing blood vessels that supply the overlying epidermis with oxygen and nutrients, remove waste products, and in regulating body temperature

A

papillary layer

39
Q

finger like projections from the superior surface of the papillary layer that indents the epidermis above

A

dermal papillae

40
Q

the __________ __________ under the thick skin of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet lie in parallel, curving ridges. These ridges shape the overlying epidermis into patterns called friction ridges to improve the grip.

A

dermal papillae

41
Q

It is the deepest skin layer of dense irregular connective tissue, containing blood vessels, sweat glands, oil glands and phagocytes

A

reticular layer

42
Q

It is a layer of loose subcutaneous adipose tissue found deep into the dermis and is not considered as part of the skin but it anchors the skin to the underlying organs, muscle or bone

A

hypodermis

43
Q

it serves as a shock absorber and insulates the deeper tissues from extreme temperature changes occuring outside the body

A

hypodermis

44
Q

it supplies the skin with blood vessels and nerves

A

hypodermis

45
Q

the __________ has minor protective functions and help keep foreign particles out of the respiratory system

A

hair

46
Q

__________ is found everywhere on the skin except the palms, soles, the lip, the nipples, parts of the external genitalia, and the distal segments of the fingers and toes

A

hair

47
Q

part of the hair that protrudes above the surface of the skin

A

shaft

48
Q

part of the hair that is located below the surface of the skin

A

root

49
Q

most of the root and shaft are composed of __________

A

columns of dead keratinized epithelial cells

50
Q

the central axis of the hair and it consists of two or three layers of cells containing soft keratin

A

medulla

51
Q

surrounds the medulla and forms the bulk of the hair

A

cortex

52
Q

a single layer of cells also containing hard keratin and covers the cortex

A

cuticle

53
Q

a tube-like ivagination of the epidermis that extends into the dermis, where hair develops and grows

A

hair follicle

54
Q

expanded portion at the lower end of the hair root and forms the base of the hair follicle

A

hair bulb

55
Q

a mass of undifferentiated epithelial cells inside the hair bulb that produces the actual hair

A

matrix

56
Q

a dermis projection into the hair bulb, within the __________ and blood vessels that provide nourishment to the cells at the matrix

A

hair papilla

57
Q

smooth muscle extending from the hair follicle to the papillary layer of the dermis
during contraction, it pull the follicle into a more perpendicular position

A

arrector pili muscle

58
Q

these secrete materials onto the skin surface

A

glands

59
Q

located in the dermis found all over the skin except on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet

A

sebaceous oil glands

60
Q

produced by the sebaceous glands which is a mixture of oily substances that lubricates the skin making it soft and moist as well as preventing the hair from becoming brittle
it also contains chemicals that kill bacteria

A

sebum

61
Q

widely distributed in the skin and secretes sweat through the pores to help in thermoregulation

A

sweat glands

62
Q

most common type of sweat glands and found all over the body’s skin but are numerous in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet

A

eccrine sweat glands

63
Q

confined to the axilla, around the anus, and genital areas
becomes active at puberty as a result of sex hormones
secretions are odorless when released but are quickly metabolized by bacteria to cause body odor

A

apocrine sweat glands

64
Q

it is a thin plate consisting layers of dead stratum corneum cells that contain a very hard type of keratin

A

nail

65
Q

part of the nail that its proximal portion is covered by skin

A

nail root

66
Q

part of the nail that its distal visible portion of the nail

A

nail body

67
Q

part of the nail that holds in place the edges of the nail

A

nail groove

68
Q

the exposed prolongation of the nail fold’s stratum corneum that grows onto the nail body

A

cuticle

69
Q

a thickened region of the stratum corneum found beneath the free edge of the nail body

A

hyponychium

70
Q

tissue where the nail root extends

A

nail matrix

71
Q

tissue under the nail and is located between the nail matrix and the hyponychium

A

nail bed

72
Q

a small part of the nail matrix that is seen through the nail body as whitish crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail

A

lunula

ANAPHYSIO (20 decks)

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