Endocrine System (LAB) Flashcards
the __________ __________ coordinates with the nervous system
endocrine system
it is the second major controlling system of the body
endocrine system
the __________ __________ is for rapid control using nerve impulses
nervous system
the __________ __________ acts slowly by using hormones
endocrine system
chemical messengers that are released into the blood to be transported throughout the body
hormones
located in the throat; bilobed gland connected by an isthmus
thyroid gland
large gland with two lobes
controls growth and metabolism
thyroid gland
found atop the kidney
small, triangular shaped gland
adrenal gland
produces hormones that help regulate metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, response to stress (adrenaline), and other essential functions
adrenal gland
a mixed gland, located close to the stomach and small intestine
a digestive exocrine gland and hormone producing endocrine gland
pancreas
what is the exocrine function of the pancreas
excretes enzymes that break down proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acid in the food
what is the endocrine function of the pancreas
secretes hormones, insulin and glucagon, to control blood sugar levels
the insulin __________ blood sugar levels
decreases
the glucagon __________ blood sugar levels
increases
found in the roof of the third ventricle of the brain
small organ shaped like a pinecone
pineal gland
synthesizes and secretes melatonin
pineal gland
structurally simple hormone that communicates information about environmental lighting to various parts of the body
melatonin
tiny masses of glandular tissue found on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
ride “horseback” on the thyroid gland
parathyroid gland
the parathyroid gland produces parathyroid hormone which increases __________
calcium levels
found in the pelvic cavity of women, concerned with ova and female hormone production
ovaries
the ovaries produce __________ __________ that maintain the health of the female reproductive system
egg cells
inadequate amounts of __________ results to poor development of secondary sex characteristics
estrogen
group of hormones that play an important role in normal, sexual, and reproductive development in women
estrogen
the ovaries make most of the estrogen hormone although the __________ and __________ make small amounts of the hormone
adrenal gland and fat cells
belongs to a class of male hormones androgens
testosterone
inadequate amounts of __________ result in tetany
parathyroid hormone
regulates calcium levels in the blood
largely increasing the hormone when calcium levels are too low
parathyroid hormone
inadequate amounts of __________ result in Diabetes Milletus
insulin
made in the pancreas
allows our body to use glucose for energy
insulin
inadequate amounts of __________ result in abnormally small stature, normal proportions
growth hormone
acts on many parts of the body to promote growth in children (length/height)
growth hormone
once growth plates in the bones (epiphyseal plates) have fused, growth hormone does not increase height but it…
maintains normal body structure and metabolism including helping in keeping blood glucose levels (in adults)
inadequate amounts result in myxedema (a lower-than-normal metabolic rate)
thyroxine
what type of thyroid hormone is thyroxine
T4
controls how much energy our body uses (metabolic rate)
also involved in digestion, how our hearts and muscles work, brain development, and bone health
thyroxine
basal metabolism hormones
thyroxine and triiodothyronine (thyroid gland)
what type of thyroid hormone is triiodothyronine
T3
controls the body’s metabolism (rate of activity in cells and tissues)
triiodothyronine
regulate blood calcium levels
parathyroid hormone and calcitonin (parathyroid gland and thyroid gland)
part of a feedback loop including the calcium, vitamin D, also phosphorus/phosphate and magnesium
helps the body maintain stable levels of calcium in the blood
parathyroid hormone
produced by the parafollicular cells/C cells of the thyroid gland
helps regulate how the body uses calcium
calcitonin
helps mature T lymphocytes
thymosin (thymus)
stimulates the development of disease fighting T cells
hormone of the thymus
thymosin
drive development of secondary sex characteristics
estrogen and testosterone
regulate the function of another endocrine gland
follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and thyroid stimulating hormone (anterior pituitary gland)
stimulates the follicle development in the ovaries
follicle stimulating hormone
as the follicles mature, they produce estrogen and the egg are ready for ovulation
in men, it stimulates sperm development in the testes
follicle stimulating hormone
mimic the sympathetic nervous system
epinephrine/adrenaline (adrenal medulla)
increases cardiac output and to raise glucose levels in the blood
secreted by the medulla of the adrenal glands
epinephrine/adrenaline
regulate the blood glucose levels, produced by the same “mixed” gland
glucagon and insulin (pancreas)
role is to prevent blood glucose levels to drop too low
increases blood sugar levels
glucagon
the role of glucagon in the liver is…
stimulate the conversion of stored glycogen to glucose (glycogenolysis)
directly responsible for regulating the menstrual cycle
estrogen and progesterone (ovaries)
important role in the menstrual cycle and maintaining the early stages of pregnancy
produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary
progesterone
help maintain salt and water balance in body fluids
aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (adrenal cortex and posterior pituitary)
main role is to regulate salt and water in the body thus having an effect on blood pressure
aldosterone
helps regulate water balance
arginine vasopressin
antidiuretic hormone
involved in milk ejection
oxytocin (hypothalamus)
chemical messenger in the brain controlling aspects of the reproductive system including child birth and lactation as well as some aspects of human behavior
acts on the breasts and the uterus
oxytocin
connects the endocrine system with the nervous system
hypothalamus
tells the pituitary gland when to start or stop making hormones
hypothalamus
uses the information it gets from the brain to tell the other glands what to do
the endocrine system’s master gland
pituitary gland
makes WBCs and T lymphocytes that fight infection and are crucial to a child’s immune system development
shrinks after puberty
thymus
triggers ovulation of the egg from the ovary and causes the ruptured follicle to produce progesterone
stimulates interstitial cells in the testes
luteinizing hormone
stimulates the production and release of cortisol from the outer part of the adrenal gland (cortex)
produced by the pituitary gland
adrenocorticotropic hormone
controls the production of the thyroid hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine)
produced and released by pituitary gland
thyroid stimulating hormones
