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ANAPHYSIO > Cells and Tissues Quiz > Flashcards

Cells and Tissues Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main regions of the cell?

A

nucleus
cytoplasm
plasma membrane

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2
Q

the control center of the cell

A

nucleus

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3
Q

material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane

A

cytoplasm

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4
Q

barrier of cell contents

A

plasma membrane

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5
Q

what are the regions of the nucleus

A

nuclear membrane
nucleolus
chromatin

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6
Q

barrier of the nucleus, consists of a double phospholipid membrane and contains nuclear pores that allow for exchange of material with the rest of the cell

A

nuclear membrane

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7
Q

site of ribosome production, ribosomes then migrate to the cytoplasm through nuclear pores

A

nucleolus

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8
Q

composed of DNA and protein and it condenses to form chromosomes when the cell divides

A

chromatin

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9
Q

finger-like projections that increase surface area for absorption

A

microvili

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10
Q

fluid that suspends other elements and is the site of many metabolic pathways

A

cytosol

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11
Q

metabolic machinery of the cell which are membrane bound and have its own unique structure and functions

A

organelles

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12
Q

non-functioning units; essential but they do not have activities

A

inclusions

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13
Q

sites of protein synthesis

A

ribosomes

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14
Q

fluid-filled tubules for carrying substances

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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15
Q

studded with ribosomes and is the site where building materials of cellular membrane are formed

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

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16
Q

functions in cholesterol synthesis and breakdown, fat metabolism, and detoxification of drugs

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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17
Q

modifies and packages proteins

A

golgi apparatus

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18
Q

contain enzymes that digest non-usable materials within the cell

A

lysosomes

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19
Q

detoxify harmful substances

A

peroxisomes

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20
Q

provides ATP for cellular energy

A

mitochondria

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21
Q

provides cell with an internal framework

A

cytoskeleton

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22
Q

not found in all cells; used for movement

A

cellular projections

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23
Q

moves materials across the cell surface

A

cilia

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24
Q

propels the cell

A

flagellum

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25
Q

rod-shaped bodies made of microtubules

A

centrioles

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26
Q

cell that fights diseases

A

macrophage cell

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27
Q

movement of a substance across a membrane without the direct expenditure of energy

A

passive transport

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28
Q

movement is from high concentration to low concentration, or down a concentration gradient

A

diffusion

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29
Q

what are the types of diffusion

A

simple diffusion
osmosis
facilitated diffusion

30
Q

unassisted process, solutes are lipid-soluble materials or small enough to pass through membrane pores

A

simple diffusion

31
Q

simple diffusion of water, highly polar water easily crosses the plasma membrane

A

osmosis

32
Q

substances require a protein carrier for passive transport

A

facilitated diffusion

33
Q

transport substances that are unable to pass by diffusion and the movement requires ATP expenditure

A

active transport

34
Q

what are the common forms of active transport

A

solute pumping

bulk transport

35
Q

ATP energizes protein carriers, and in most cases, moves substances against concentration gradient

A

solute pumping

36
Q

moves materials out of the cell carries in a membranous vesicle

A

exocytosis

37
Q

extracellular substances are engulfed by being enclosed in a membranous vesicle

A

endocytosis

38
Q

what are the types of endocytosis (and their meanings)

A

phagocytosis - cell eating

pinocytosis - cell drinking

39
Q

what are the two major periods of a cell

A

interphase

cell division

40
Q

interval between successive cell divisions

protein synthesis, DNA replication and many other events occur

A

interphase

41
Q

during this phase, the cell grows, carries out its basic functions, and produces the new organelles and other components it will require if it divides (normal cell function and growth)

A

G1 (Gap 1) phase

42
Q

during this phase, enzymes replicate the cell’s genetic material and repair damaged DNA (DNA replication)

A

S (synthesis) phase

43
Q

during this phase, the cell continues to grow but also prepares to divide, producing proteins that will help coordinate mitosis

A

G2 (Gap 2) phase

44
Q

the cell replicates itself; function is to produce more cells for growth and repair processes

A

cell division

45
Q

what are the two events of cell division

A

mitosis

cytokinesis

46
Q

what is the order of mitosis

A

prophase > metaphase > anaphase > telophase

47
Q

the cell starts to break down some structures and build others up, setting the stage for division of the chromosomes

A

prophase

48
Q

the spindle has captured all the chromosomes and lined them up at the middle of the cell, ready to divide

A

metaphase

49
Q

daughter chromosomes are pulled toward the poles and the cell begins to elongate

A

anaphase

50
Q

daughter nuclei begin forming, a cleavage furrow begins to form

A

telophase

51
Q

the splitting of the cell into two daughter cells

the cytoplasm and two nuclei are distributed into the forming daughter daughter cells, which then physically separate

A

cytokinesis

52
Q

DNA segment that carries a blueprint for building one protein and specifies the structure of an RNA molecule

A

gene

53
Q

is the production of RNA and or proteins from the information stored in DNA

A

gene expression

54
Q

carries the instructions for building a protein from the nucleus to the ribosome

A

messenger RNA (mRNA)

55
Q

transfers appropriate amino acids to the ribosome for building protein

A

transfer RNA (tRNA)

56
Q

helps form the ribosomes where the proteins are built

A

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

57
Q

group of cells with similar structures and function

A

tissues

58
Q

what are the four primary types of tissues

A

epithelial tissue
connective tissue
muscle tissue
nervous tissue

59
Q

covers and protects surfaces, both outside and inside the body

A

epithelial tissue

60
Q

what are the functions of the epithelial tissue

A

protection
absorption
filtration
secretion

61
Q

found everywhere in the body; includes the most abundant and widely distributed tissues

A

connective tissue

62
Q

what are the functions of the connective tissue

A 
binds body tissues together
supports the body
provides protection
stores compounds
transporting substances
63
Q

functions to produce movement

A

muscle tissue

64
Q

what are the three types muscle tissues

A

skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle
smooth muscle

65
Q

can be controlled voluntarily; cells attach to the bone or other connective tissue

A

skeletal muscle

66
Q

how many nucleus can be seen in the cells of the skeletal muscle

A

cells have more than one nucleus

67
Q

found only in the heart; function is to pump blood involuntarily

A

cardiac muscle

68
Q

how many nucleus can be found in the cells of the cardiac muscle

A

one nucleus per cell

69
Q

involuntary muscle; surrounds hollow organs such as the stomach and small intestines

A

smooth muscle

70
Q

how many nucleus can be found in the cells of the smooth muscle

A

one nucleus per cell

71
Q

neurons and nerve support cells found in the brain, spinal cord, and ganglia

A

nervous tissue

72
Q

what is the function of the nervous tissue

A

function is to send impulses to other parts of the body: irritability and conductivity

ANAPHYSIO (20 decks)

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