insect entomology Flashcards
define zoology
branch of biology that studies the whole animal kingdom and everything related to it
define entomology
branch of zoology that studies insect
define medical entomology
branch of zoology that focuses on insects and arthropod groups which have medical importance
how many insects are harmful to humans?
10000
describe the history of the guinea worm
1- discovered in approximately 1868
2- discovered by Fedtschenko
3- it is a parasite which develops in cyclops
describe the history of bancroftian filariasis
1- discovered in approximately 1877
2-discovered by Patrick Manson
2- a parasite which develops in ,mosquitoes
what are 5 features of arthropods?
1- they are jointed 2- contain an exoskeleton 3- have a body cavity[ fluid filled space] 4- are bilaterally symmetrical 5- undergo molting/ecdysis
what is the body cavity of arthropods composed of?
hemolymph
what is another term for development of arthropods?
metamorphosis
what are the types of arthropod metamorphosis?
1- incomplete/direct development
2- complete/indirect development
describe the direct/incomplete development
an egg forms a nymph without going to larva stage
describe the indirect/complete development
-an egg develops into a full adult by going through the larva stage
egg—larva–pupa–full adult
what is the difference between vector and a host?
host- a large organism that provides food and shelter for another organism
vector- a small organisms that transmits an infectious agent from one host to another
what are the ways arthropods effect human health?
1- direct agent for disease/discomfort
: they themselves cause disease/harm2-agent for disease transmission
: contain a pathogen which causes the disease
what are the types of carriers?
1-biological carrier
2- mechanical carrier
describe biological transmission
an animal that carries a pathogen that reproduces inside it before transmitting it to another host
what is an example of a biological vector?
mosquitoes
describe mechanical transmission
an animal that carries a pathogen from host to host without being infected
how are infections and disease related?
- an infection occurs when the pathogen is replicating in the body
- a disease is caused by cells getting destroyed a result of an infection
what is biological transmission divided into?
1- transovarial transmission
2- transstadial transmission
define transovarial transmission
transmission of an infectious agent from parent to offspring via infection of the developing egg
define transstadial transmission
pathogen infects the arthropod from one stage to another
describe how arthropods effect human health by being a direct agent for disease/discomfort
1- annoyance of insects
2-entomophobia:fear of insect
3-envenomization:poisoning by bite/stinge
4- dermatosis: disease of the bodies outer layer
5-dermatitis:inflamation of the skin
what is an example of a mechanical carrier?
fly
what are the classification of arthropods?
1- arachnids
2- crustaceans
3-insects
4-myriapods
what are cyclops?
small crustaceans which act as host for parasite
describe 2 ways in which cyclops act as host for parasite
1- Guinea worm develops in cyclops causing dracunculiasis
2- fish tape worm gets passed to human through the oral-fecal route
what are properties of insects?
1- have 3 pair of legs
2- have a pair of antenna
3- body divided into head, thorax and abdomen
4-may or may not contain wings
what is an example of an insect?
1-bees
2- ant
what are the properties of crustaceans?
1- have 4 or 5 pair of legs
2- have 2 pair antenna
3-have cephalothorax and abdomen
4- most are aquatic
how many legs do crabs and lobster have?
crab- 5 pairs
lobster-4 pairs
what are the properties of arachnids?
1- have 4 pair of legs
2- have a cephalothorax and abdomen
3-they are wingless
4- undergo incomplete/direct metamorphosis
what are the vector control measures?
1-mechanical methods
2-chemical methods
3- biological methods
4- ecological methods
what are the mechanical methods of vector control measures?
installing bed nets and wire mesh
what are the chemical methods of vector control measures?
use of synthetic or natural chemicals which repulse, attract or kill the vector
what are the biological methods of vector control measures?
regulation of vector population using predators
what are the ecological methods of vector control measures?
procedures involving the removal, destruction, isolation and modification of materials that favor survival of vectors
what 3 disease do mosquitoes cause?
1- zika virus
2- dengue
3- malaria
what 3 insects are ectoparasite?
1- bed bugs
2- lice
3-fleas
describe fly larva
1- undergo myiasis 2- pathogens transmitted by contaminated: a] legs b] body hair c] mouthpart
what is the sand fly a host for?
host for the leishmania parasite which causes leishmaniasis
describe bed bug
1- they are ectoparasites
2- disturb humans
3- disease vectors
what does the kissing bug a type of bed bug cause?
transmits Trypanosoma cruzi
describe fleas
1- they are ectoparasite
2-causes dermatitis
3- immediate host for bacteria like
what bacteria are fleas hosts for?
yersinia pestis
what are types of mites?
1- house dust mites
2- sarcoptic scabies
what causes itchy eruptions on the skin[scabies]?
sarcoptic scabies
what causes production and concentration of allergens?
house dust mites
what are 2 things ticks cause?
1-produces mechanical injuries to the skin
2-produces toxin which effect release of acetylcholine
what is acetylcholine?
a neurotransmitter that is used for muscle contraction and has roles in the brain
what is an effect of areas bitten by lice?
1- gets thickened
2- gets darker
what 3 diseases do body lice transmit?
1-trench fever
2- epidemic relapsing fever
3- epidemic typhus
