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AS level biology > insect entomology > Flashcards

insect entomology Flashcards

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1
Q

define zoology

A

branch of biology that studies the whole animal kingdom and everything related to it

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2
Q

define entomology

A

branch of zoology that studies insect

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3
Q

define medical entomology

A

branch of zoology that focuses on insects and arthropod groups which have medical importance

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4
Q

how many insects are harmful to humans?

A

10000

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5
Q

describe the history of the guinea worm

A

1- discovered in approximately 1868
2- discovered by Fedtschenko
3- it is a parasite which develops in cyclops

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6
Q

describe the history of bancroftian filariasis

A

1- discovered in approximately 1877
2-discovered by Patrick Manson
2- a parasite which develops in ,mosquitoes

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7
Q

what are 5 features of arthropods?

A 
1- they are jointed
2- contain an exoskeleton
3- have a body cavity[ fluid filled space]
4- are bilaterally symmetrical
5- undergo molting/ecdysis
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8
Q

what is the body cavity of arthropods composed of?

A

hemolymph

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9
Q

what is another term for development of arthropods?

A

metamorphosis

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10
Q

what are the types of arthropod metamorphosis?

A

1- incomplete/direct development

2- complete/indirect development

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11
Q

describe the direct/incomplete development

A

an egg forms a nymph without going to larva stage

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12
Q

describe the indirect/complete development

A

-an egg develops into a full adult by going through the larva stage
egg—larva–pupa–full adult

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13
Q

what is the difference between vector and a host?

A

host- a large organism that provides food and shelter for another organism

vector- a small organisms that transmits an infectious agent from one host to another

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14
Q

what are the ways arthropods effect human health?

A

1- direct agent for disease/discomfort
: they themselves cause disease/harm2-agent for disease transmission
: contain a pathogen which causes the disease

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15
Q

what are the types of carriers?

A

1-biological carrier

2- mechanical carrier

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16
Q

describe biological transmission

A

an animal that carries a pathogen that reproduces inside it before transmitting it to another host

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17
Q

what is an example of a biological vector?

A

mosquitoes

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18
Q

describe mechanical transmission

A

an animal that carries a pathogen from host to host without being infected

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19
Q

how are infections and disease related?

A
  • an infection occurs when the pathogen is replicating in the body
  • a disease is caused by cells getting destroyed a result of an infection
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20
Q

what is biological transmission divided into?

A

1- transovarial transmission

2- transstadial transmission

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21
Q

define transovarial transmission

A

transmission of an infectious agent from parent to offspring via infection of the developing egg

22
Q

define transstadial transmission

A

pathogen infects the arthropod from one stage to another

23
Q

describe how arthropods effect human health by being a direct agent for disease/discomfort

A

1- annoyance of insects
2-entomophobia:fear of insect
3-envenomization:poisoning by bite/stinge
4- dermatosis: disease of the bodies outer layer
5-dermatitis:inflamation of the skin

24
Q

what is an example of a mechanical carrier?

A

fly

25
Q

what are the classification of arthropods?

A

1- arachnids
2- crustaceans
3-insects
4-myriapods

26
Q

what are cyclops?

A

small crustaceans which act as host for parasite

27
Q

describe 2 ways in which cyclops act as host for parasite

A

1- Guinea worm develops in cyclops causing dracunculiasis

2- fish tape worm gets passed to human through the oral-fecal route

28
Q

what are properties of insects?

A

1- have 3 pair of legs
2- have a pair of antenna
3- body divided into head, thorax and abdomen
4-may or may not contain wings

29
Q

what is an example of an insect?

A

1-bees

2- ant

30
Q

what are the properties of crustaceans?

A

1- have 4 or 5 pair of legs
2- have 2 pair antenna
3-have cephalothorax and abdomen
4- most are aquatic

31
Q

how many legs do crabs and lobster have?

A

crab- 5 pairs

lobster-4 pairs

32
Q

what are the properties of arachnids?

A

1- have 4 pair of legs
2- have a cephalothorax and abdomen
3-they are wingless
4- undergo incomplete/direct metamorphosis

33
Q

what are the vector control measures?

A

1-mechanical methods
2-chemical methods
3- biological methods
4- ecological methods

34
Q

what are the mechanical methods of vector control measures?

A

installing bed nets and wire mesh

35
Q

what are the chemical methods of vector control measures?

A

use of synthetic or natural chemicals which repulse, attract or kill the vector

36
Q

what are the biological methods of vector control measures?

A

regulation of vector population using predators

37
Q

what are the ecological methods of vector control measures?

A

procedures involving the removal, destruction, isolation and modification of materials that favor survival of vectors

38
Q

what 3 disease do mosquitoes cause?

A

1- zika virus
2- dengue
3- malaria

39
Q

what 3 insects are ectoparasite?

A

1- bed bugs
2- lice
3-fleas

40
Q

describe fly larva

A 
1- undergo myiasis
2- pathogens transmitted by contaminated:
a] legs
b] body hair
c] mouthpart
41
Q

what is the sand fly a host for?

A

host for the leishmania parasite which causes leishmaniasis

42
Q

describe bed bug

A

1- they are ectoparasites
2- disturb humans
3- disease vectors

43
Q

what does the kissing bug a type of bed bug cause?

A

transmits Trypanosoma cruzi

44
Q

describe fleas

A

1- they are ectoparasite
2-causes dermatitis
3- immediate host for bacteria like

45
Q

what bacteria are fleas hosts for?

A

yersinia pestis

46
Q

what are types of mites?

A

1- house dust mites

2- sarcoptic scabies

47
Q

what causes itchy eruptions on the skin[scabies]?

A

sarcoptic scabies

48
Q

what causes production and concentration of allergens?

A

house dust mites

49
Q

what are 2 things ticks cause?

A

1-produces mechanical injuries to the skin

2-produces toxin which effect release of acetylcholine

50
Q

what is acetylcholine?

A

a neurotransmitter that is used for muscle contraction and has roles in the brain

51
Q

what is an effect of areas bitten by lice?

A

1- gets thickened

2- gets darker

52
Q

what 3 diseases do body lice transmit?

A

1-trench fever
2- epidemic relapsing fever
3- epidemic typhus

AS level biology (20 decks)

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