Animal tissue Flashcards
what are the types of animal tissue?
1- muscular tissue
2- epithelial tissue
3- nervous tissue
4-connective tissue
what are the types of epithelial tissue?
1- squamous epithelial
2- columnar epithelial
3- cuboidal epithelial
4- transitional epithelial
what is the basic structure epithelial tissue?
1- contains cells which are geometric shaped
2- the cells have few intracellular spaces
3- the cells are connected to the basement membrane
4- the basement membrane is connected to connective tissues to allow attachment to other tissues
what is the basic function of epithelial tissue?
1- protection
2- lining of internal and external surfaces of the body
what does it mean by epithelial tissue being avascular?
not serviced by blood vessel
what does it mean by epithelial tissue being innervated?
supplied with nerves
what are the different types of cell layer in epithelial cells?
1- single layer
2- stratified[ more than 1 layer of cell]
describe structure of squamous epithelial cell
1- contains large flattened nucleus
2-the cells are very thin and looked squashed like
where are squamous epithelial cell found?
1-lining of the mouth
2-lining of the alveoli
3-surface of the skin
give 2 examples of a squamous epithelial cell
endothelium and mesothelium
describe the structure of columnar epithelial cell
1- the cells are elongated and columnar like
2- the nucleus is oval shaped
where is ciliated columnar epithelial cell found?
1- fallopian tube
2- endometrium[ uterus lining]
what is an example of simple columnar epithelial cell?
goblet cells which produce mucin
what is the stratified columnar epithelial cell named?
pseudostratified epithelium meaning flakily stratified
where is a simple columnar epithelial cell found?
found in the lining of the small intestine to absorb food
what is pseudostratified epithelium?
compromised of single cell, however nuclei placed in a way where it looks stratified
where are goblet cells found?
in the respiratory system
describe the structure of cuboidal epithelial tissue
1- contains spherical nucleus
2-the cells are squared shaped
what is the function of cuboidal epithelial cell?
1- absorption of substances
2- secretion of substances
what type of substances are secreted by the cuboidal epithelial cell?
1- hormones
2- sweat
3- excess salt
where are 3 places cuboidal epithelial tissue is found?
1- thyroid gland
2- sweat gland
3- lining of kidney tubule
what is a transitional epithelial tissue?
tissue which can stretch and change shape to accommodate a cavity being filled with fluid
where is transitional epithelial tissue found?
1- bladder
2- urethra
what is the function of a nervous tissue?
conducts electrochemical signals between the organs of the body and the brain
what are the types of nervous tissue?
1- neurons
2- neuroglia
what is a neuroglia?
a supporting cell which wraps around delicate part of neurons for protection
what are the basic structures of a neuron?
1- cell body 2- nissl body 3- dendrite 4- axon terminal 5- axon 6- myelin sheath
what is the function of a myelin sheath?
increase speed at which impulse is transmitted at
what are nissl bodies?
large granular of rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosome and are for protein synthesis
where is the cell body found in sensory, relay and motor neuron?
in motor- on the top, where dendrites branch from
in sensory- in the middle to the side
in relay- in the middle
what is a sensory neuron responsible for?
passing electrical impulse from the the sense organ to the CNS
what is a relay neuron responsible for?
passing electrical impulse from CNS to the CNS, connecting the sensory and motor neuron
what is a motor neuron responsible for?
passing electrical impulse from the CNS to an effector
what is an effector?
part of the body such as a muscle or gland
what are the types of muscle?
1- skeletal muscle
2- cardiac muscle
3- smooth muscle
what are 2 types of muscle protein?
1- actin filament
2- myosin filament
describe the structure of skeletal muscle
1- the cells are cylinder like
2- cells are multinucleated
3-the cells are striated
what are striations?
thin strips that run down muscle fibers
where are skeletal muscle attached to?
attached to bones directly or via tendons
where are skeletal muscle found?
1-biceps
2- triceps
3- sphincter muscle
describe the smooth muscle
1- not striated
2- contain spindle fibers
where is smooth muscle found?
1- digestive system
2- blood vessel
describe the cardiac muscle
1-it is a network of branched muscle fibers
2- it is faintly striated
3- have intercalated disc
what is the function of intercalated disc?
join neighboring cardiac muscle fiber
where is cardiac muscle found?
in the heart
which muscles are involuntary and voluntary?
cardiac muscle- involuntary
skeletal muscle-voluntary
smooth muscle- involuntary
what is a feature of epithelial tissue?
they are
1- avascular
2- innervated
what is the definition of avascular and innervated for epithelial cells
avascular- not serviced by blood vessels
innervated- supplied with nerves
where does electrical signals pass from?
from the dendrite to the axon terminal
