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AS level biology > Animal tissue > Flashcards

Animal tissue Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the types of animal tissue?

A

1- muscular tissue
2- epithelial tissue
3- nervous tissue
4-connective tissue

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2
Q

what are the types of epithelial tissue?

A

1- squamous epithelial
2- columnar epithelial
3- cuboidal epithelial
4- transitional epithelial

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3
Q

what is the basic structure epithelial tissue?

A

1- contains cells which are geometric shaped
2- the cells have few intracellular spaces
3- the cells are connected to the basement membrane
4- the basement membrane is connected to connective tissues to allow attachment to other tissues

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4
Q

what is the basic function of epithelial tissue?

A

1- protection

2- lining of internal and external surfaces of the body

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5
Q

what does it mean by epithelial tissue being avascular?

A

not serviced by blood vessel

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6
Q

what does it mean by epithelial tissue being innervated?

A

supplied with nerves

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7
Q

what are the different types of cell layer in epithelial cells?

A

1- single layer

2- stratified[ more than 1 layer of cell]

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8
Q

describe structure of squamous epithelial cell

A

1- contains large flattened nucleus

2-the cells are very thin and looked squashed like

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9
Q

where are squamous epithelial cell found?

A

1-lining of the mouth
2-lining of the alveoli
3-surface of the skin

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10
Q

give 2 examples of a squamous epithelial cell

A

endothelium and mesothelium

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11
Q

describe the structure of columnar epithelial cell

A

1- the cells are elongated and columnar like

2- the nucleus is oval shaped

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12
Q

where is ciliated columnar epithelial cell found?

A

1- fallopian tube

2- endometrium[ uterus lining]

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13
Q

what is an example of simple columnar epithelial cell?

A

goblet cells which produce mucin

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14
Q

what is the stratified columnar epithelial cell named?

A

pseudostratified epithelium meaning flakily stratified

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15
Q

where is a simple columnar epithelial cell found?

A

found in the lining of the small intestine to absorb food

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16
Q

what is pseudostratified epithelium?

A

compromised of single cell, however nuclei placed in a way where it looks stratified

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17
Q

where are goblet cells found?

A

in the respiratory system

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18
Q

describe the structure of cuboidal epithelial tissue

A

1- contains spherical nucleus

2-the cells are squared shaped

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19
Q

what is the function of cuboidal epithelial cell?

A

1- absorption of substances

2- secretion of substances

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20
Q

what type of substances are secreted by the cuboidal epithelial cell?

A

1- hormones
2- sweat
3- excess salt

21
Q

where are 3 places cuboidal epithelial tissue is found?

A

1- thyroid gland
2- sweat gland
3- lining of kidney tubule

22
Q

what is a transitional epithelial tissue?

A

tissue which can stretch and change shape to accommodate a cavity being filled with fluid

23
Q

where is transitional epithelial tissue found?

A

1- bladder

2- urethra

24
Q

what is the function of a nervous tissue?

A

conducts electrochemical signals between the organs of the body and the brain

25
Q

what are the types of nervous tissue?

A

1- neurons

2- neuroglia

26
Q

what is a neuroglia?

A

a supporting cell which wraps around delicate part of neurons for protection

27
Q

what are the basic structures of a neuron?

A 
1- cell body
2- nissl body
3- dendrite
4- axon terminal
5- axon
6- myelin sheath
28
Q

what is the function of a myelin sheath?

A

increase speed at which impulse is transmitted at

29
Q

what are nissl bodies?

A

large granular of rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosome and are for protein synthesis

30
Q

where is the cell body found in sensory, relay and motor neuron?

A

in motor- on the top, where dendrites branch from
in sensory- in the middle to the side
in relay- in the middle

31
Q

what is a sensory neuron responsible for?

A

passing electrical impulse from the the sense organ to the CNS

32
Q

what is a relay neuron responsible for?

A

passing electrical impulse from CNS to the CNS, connecting the sensory and motor neuron

33
Q

what is a motor neuron responsible for?

A

passing electrical impulse from the CNS to an effector

34
Q

what is an effector?

A

part of the body such as a muscle or gland

35
Q

what are the types of muscle?

A

1- skeletal muscle
2- cardiac muscle
3- smooth muscle

36
Q

what are 2 types of muscle protein?

A

1- actin filament

2- myosin filament

37
Q

describe the structure of skeletal muscle

A

1- the cells are cylinder like
2- cells are multinucleated
3-the cells are striated

38
Q

what are striations?

A

thin strips that run down muscle fibers

39
Q

where are skeletal muscle attached to?

A

attached to bones directly or via tendons

40
Q

where are skeletal muscle found?

A

1-biceps
2- triceps
3- sphincter muscle

41
Q

describe the smooth muscle

A

1- not striated

2- contain spindle fibers

42
Q

where is smooth muscle found?

A

1- digestive system

2- blood vessel

43
Q

describe the cardiac muscle

A

1-it is a network of branched muscle fibers
2- it is faintly striated
3- have intercalated disc

44
Q

what is the function of intercalated disc?

A

join neighboring cardiac muscle fiber

45
Q

where is cardiac muscle found?

A

in the heart

46
Q

which muscles are involuntary and voluntary?

A

cardiac muscle- involuntary
skeletal muscle-voluntary
smooth muscle- involuntary

47
Q

what is a feature of epithelial tissue?

A

they are
1- avascular
2- innervated

48
Q

what is the definition of avascular and innervated for epithelial cells

A

avascular- not serviced by blood vessels

innervated- supplied with nerves

49
Q

where does electrical signals pass from?

A

from the dendrite to the axon terminal

AS level biology (20 decks)

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