cell structure Flashcards
what is the main function of a nucleus?
controls the activity of a cell
how exactly does a nucleus control the activity in cells?
Makes DNA and RNA
what does the nuclear envelope consist of?
*including its functions
1-inner membrane
2- outer membrane which has ribosomes
3- nuclear pores to transport substances in and out of the nucleus
what is found in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and as a result what is the main function of RER?
ribosomes are found and it is a part of the site of protein synthesis
when proteins are made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, what does the RER do to it?
proteins bud off from the RER in vesicles and are taken to the Golgi apparatus for processing
what is an important protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
lysosomes
what is the specific term for what is contained in lysosome and give 4 examples of them.
hydrolytic enzymes(lysozyme enzymes) 1- protease 2- nuclease 3-lipases 4-glucosidases
what are 3 main functions of lysosome
1- breakdown of old organelles 2- breakdown macromolecule 3-phagacytosis * bacterium in vacuole fuse with lysosome to from a vacuole of the bacterium and hydrolytic enzymes 4-autolysis
what does the smooth ER contain?
enzymes
what does the enzymes in the smooth ER do?
1- lipid synthesis *fatty acids to lipids 2- detoxification * enzymes convert harmful substances into water soluble ( lipid insoluble) 3- make steroids
1 example of a lipid and 2 examples of a steroid
lipid -cholesterol steroids *hormones - testosterone -estrogen
how many subunits are ribosomes made up of?
2 being a smaller and a larger unit
what is the main function of ribosome?
a site of protein synthesis
what are ribosome made up of?
R.RNA and protein
where is the R.RNA made ?
nucleolus
what 4 organelle can ribosomes be found at?
1- nucleus * outer membrane of nuclear envelope 2- chloroplast 3- cytoplasm 4- rough endoplasmic reticulum 5- mitochondria
what are the sizes of ribosome in the 4 main areas it can be found at?
bacterium,chloroplast and mitochondria =70S cytoplasm =80S *larger ribosomes
what do mitochondrion and chloroplast have their own of?
ribosomes and a circular DNA
what type of membranes do mitochondria’s have?
double bound membrane
what is the name of the mitochondrial inner membrane and its function
cristae
1-has compartments with different enzymes used in respiration cycle
2- where respiration occurs
What is the inner part of the cristae called and its function?
matrix ,where respiration takes place
what are 2 functions of the mitochondria?
1- aerobic respiration
2-lipid synthesis
what is the Golgi apparatus know as?
the packaging center
what is the function of the Golgi apparatus including the faces involved.
used to process and transport molecules such as proteins and lipids by the cis and trans face
what are molecules of the Golgi body transported via?
the Golgi vesicle
what are 2 main functions of the Golgi body?
1- make lysosomes
2- packing proteins and lipids