enzymes Flashcards
what are biological catalyst?
molecules which speed the rate of reactions
are all enzymes biological catalyst?
yes all enzymes are biological catalyst but not all catalyst are enzymes
what type of proteins are enzymes?
globular protein
describe the 2 type of enzymes which can be found
1- intercellular enzymes
: enzymes which catalyze a reaction within cells2- extracellular enzymes
: enzymes which catalyze reactions outside of the cell
how exactly does an enzyme work?
an enzyme works by lowering the activation energy which is the minimum amount of energy needed for successful collision to occur
what are the 2 mechanisms of enzymes?
1- lock and key mechanism
2- induced fit mechanism
define lock and key mechanism
the lock and key mechanism is where the active site of an enzyme has a very specific shape and can only bind to 1 substrate
define induced fit mechanism
the induced fit mechanism is where the active site of an enzyme is able to change slightly to fit onto a substrate
what is an enzyme-substrate complex?
an enzyme substrate is the structure which forms when the substrate has binded to the active site of an enzyme
what are factors effecting rate of reaction
PH concentration temperature enzyme concentration substrate concentration inhibitor concentration
describe how enzyme concentration effects rate of reaction?
as the enzyme concentration increases, the rate of reaction increases only if there is more than enough substrate
describe how substrate concentration effects rate of reaction
initially, as the substrate concentration increases, the rate of reaction increases until the point of saturation where it remains constant
what does saturated enzyme mean?
enzyme whose active site are occupied by substrate molecules
what is Vmax?
Vmax is when enzymes reach their maximum rate as all enzymes become saturated
what is Km?
Michaels men-tent constant which is corresponding X value of 1/2Vmaxx