Innate Immunity Flashcards
Number of toll like receptors
10
List stages of phagocytosis
ligand binding, engulfment, phagosome formation, lysosome fusion, membrance disruption/fusion, presentation of MHC CLass II
MHC
Major Histine Compatiability
3 things the innate immune response recognizes
PAMPS
DAMPS
absence of self markers - via NK
Name 2 small antimicrobial peptides
Defensins and cathelicidins
2 main classes of defensins
alpha and beta
describe alpha defensins
29-35 aa long
mainly in PMN and Paneth cells of small intestine
e.g. HNP 1-4 and HD 5-6
These defensins are secreted by mucosal surface epitherlia
beta
HBD - human beta defensins
2 things that bind to TLRs
PAMPs
DAMPs
Name some PAMPS
LPS, PGN, lipopeptids, flagellin, bacterial DNA and viral dsDNA
Stimulation of TLR activates these cells which result in IFNS, cytokines and chemokines
AP-1, NF-kappaB and interferon regulatory factors
most important transcription factor in immune system
nNF-kappaB
Only TLR that does not use MyD88
TLR3
TLR which makes which pathways?
?
TLR are known as these alternate names
CD281, 282 etc
TLR7 works well against
viruses - ssRNA
Activation of NF-kappaB causes these response
Expression of proinflamatory genes
Increased phagocytosis and ROS and NOS
Increased efficency of antigen presentation
3 pathways of complement activation
classical - adaptive
lectin - innate
alternative - innate
Part of classical pathway complement that binds to antigen:antibody complex
C1q
Macrophages perfer a macrophage is bound to these 2 things
antibody and C3
C3a, C4a, C5a activate these cells
PMN and macrophage degranulation
cause mast cells and basophils to degranulate
Place where C3b adn C4b are deposited
Any surface with exposed amine or hydroxl
Cells that protect body from membrance attack complex
pretectin CD59 adn HRF
Edema, hyperthermia, local hypoxia and extravasation are all signs of this
inflammation
Result of increased Histamine
increased vascular permeability
These triggers both stimulate E-selectin
TNF and Il-1
Result of release of IL-8
chemotaxis
Purpose of acute inflammation
recruti/activate leukocytes, eliminate pathogens, resolve dame, remove leukocytes from tissue and regenerate tissue function
Most common cells in acute inflammation
neutrophils
chronic inflammation have higher proportions of these cells
macrophages, cytotoxic T cells and B cells
List some important inflammatory cytokines
TNFalpha, IL-1 adn IFNgamma
common site of adhesion and migration of lymphocytes
venoule
These proteins help pull leukocytes into tissue
E-selectin
name inflammatory mediators
histamine, etc…
Most numerous cell in innate immune system
PMNs
Potent toxin against helminth worms
MBP - major basic protein
Signals required to diff. to eosinophils, basophils
IL-3, GM-CSF and IL-5
Il-3, GM-CSF and IL-4
These cells release histamine when IgE on surface is linked by antige
Basophils
Name macrophages in brain
Microglial cells
cells that are major producers of cytokine and lymphokines
macrophages
cells that are a bridge between innate and adaptive immune system
macrophages
response of IL-10
deactivation of macrophages
this receptor binds Antibody on macrophages
FcR
2 cells that dendritic cells present to
T cell and B cells
Location of dendritic cells
skin, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and under mucosal epithelia
cytokines produced by myeloid dendritic cells
IL-8, IL-12
macrophages present to these T cells while dendritic cells present to this type of T cell
activated and naive
Name 3 APC
B cell, macrophage and DC
Name 3 receptors for bacterium on pahogocyte
FcR, CR and MR
alternate name for NK cells
large granular lymphocytes
cytokine released by NK cells
INFgamma
Name some deficeincy of innnate immunity
Congential neutropenina, CGD, LAD, Complement defects, Chediak-Higashi syndrome
