HIV Flashcards

1
Q

Which drugs block HIV protease and prevent virion assembly?

A

Atazanir
Ritonavir
Darunavir

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2
Q

Name the capsid protein and which gene it is coded from?

A

p24

gag

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3
Q

What protein writes HIV mRNA and host RNA

A

Host RNA pol II

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4
Q

This enzyme writes HIV DNA into the host DNA

A

integrase

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5
Q

GP 120 on HIV binds with which host cell receptor?

A

CD4

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6
Q

2 band of these proteins are required for a Western Blot confirmation of HIV infection?

A

gp41, gp120 or p24

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7
Q

HIV-1 is a reserve transcript and performs this task?

A

RNA dependent DNA polymerase

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8
Q

When is a virus considered a pro-virus?

A

When its genome is written in the host DNA

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9
Q

Tat is a TF that promotes what type of RNA? What TF are written from spliced RNA?

A

spliced RNA

Tat, Rev, and Nef

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10
Q

What 3 proteins are written from unspliced RNA?

A

Env
Gag
Pol

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11
Q

What two chemokine receptors bind to gp41?

A

CCR5

CXCR4

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12
Q

What are some common opportunistic infections seen in patients with HIV?

A
Kaposi Sarcoma
CMV
Candida
Cryptococcus
Pneumocystis
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13
Q

When a T cell count falls below this level a patient is considered to have AIDS

A

200

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14
Q

How are HIV patients monitored?

A

CD4+ T cell enumeration with flow cytometry

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15
Q

What is the goal of therapy for patients with HIV?

A

Reduce the level of circulating virus

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16
Q

Which cells does HIV initially attack?

A
Helper T cells
Macrophages
monocytes
B cells
microglial brain cells
intestinal cells
17
Q

What causes symptoms of HIV to appear?

A

Destruction of CD4+ cells

18
Q

Describe primary HIV syndrome

A

6-12 weeks after infection

fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, ha, fatigue, diarrhea, sore throat

19
Q

Process of a negative HIV test becoming positve

A

seroconversion

20
Q

What HIV virus products are detectable in the 2-6 weeks after infection?

A

HIV proviral DNA
HIV viral load
HIV-1 p-24 antigen
Also HIV antibodies of host

21
Q

Name some diseases that are predictive of an HIV patient progressing to AIDS?

A

shingles- VZV
thrush- candida
oral hairy leukoplakia - EBV
kaposi’s sarcoma

22
Q

What percent of patients test positive for HIV after 6 months?

A

95%

23
Q

Why do the antibodies to HIV antigens decrease as disease progresses

A

The immune system is weakened

24
Q

First test used to test for HIV?

A

ELISA

25
Q

LIst reasons a patient may get a false positive with an ELISA HIV screening

A

autoimmune disease
alcoholism
syphilis
immunoproliferative disases

26
Q

Increased risk of death from AIDS is seen in these patients

A
CD4 below 200
viral load over 100,000
older than 50
injecting drug user
prior AIDS defining illness
27
Q

What percent of HIV (+) patients are alive after 10 years?

A

84%

28
Q

What causes the most common opprotunstic infection in HIV?

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci - a yeast like fungus

29
Q

What stain is used to identify pneumocystis jiroveci?

A

silver stain