Infinitives; Indirect Statement + pg 205-206 Wheelock vocab Flashcards
how to put a passive periphrastic in an indirect statement
future passive participle/gerundive (usually in the accusative case bc accusative-infinitive construction) + esse. Basically like a normal passive perisphrastic except you have to make the usually “to be” verb (est, sunt, erit, etc.) into the infinitive, i.e. esse.
aio generally translates as
I say so, I agree, yes
lingua, linguae, f.
tongue; language (linguistics)
ferox, gen. ferocis
fierce, savage (ferocious) (i-stem noun bc x is a double consonant)
fidelis, fidele
faithful, loyal (infidelity)
ferus, feri
C. beast
geminus, gemina, geminum
twin
sapiens, sapientis
adj. wise, judicious (sage) (i-stem adj.)
ultimus, ultima, ultimum
farthest, extreme; last, final (ultimate)
dehinc
adv. then, next
hic
adv. here (think hic, haec, hoc)
ait, aiunt
defective verb, he says, they say, assert
credo, credere, credidi, creditum
+ acc. or dat., to believe, trust (creditable)
iaceo, iacere, iacui
to lie; lie prostate; lie died (adjacent)
nego, negare, negavi, negatum
to deny, say that… not (negate)
nescio, nescire, nescivi, nescitum
to not know, be ignorant (nice)
nuntio, nuntiare, nuntiavi, nuntiatum
to announce, report relate (pronounce)
patefacio, patefacere, patefeci, patefactum
to make open, open; discole, expose (patent)
puto, putare, putavi, putatum
to reckon, suppose, judge; think, imagine (compute)
spero, sperare, speravi, speratum
to hope for, hope (that) (despair)
suscipio, suscipere, suscepi, susceptum
(sub+capio) to undertake (susceptible)
(Verbs that may introduce an Indirect Statement) dico, nego, ait, nuntio, pronuntio, narro, scribo, doceo, ostendo, demonstro, moneo, peto
saying
(Verbs that may introduce an Indirect Statement) scio, nescio, intellego, memoria teneo, disco
knowing
(Verbs that may introduce an Indirect Statement) cerno, cogito, credo, habeo, puto, spero
thinking
(Verbs that may introduce an Indirect Statement) audio, video, sentio, gaudeo
perceiving and feeling
how to form the present active infinitive
its the 2nd pp of the verb
how to form the present passive infinitive
(2nd pp - re) + -ari for 1st conj., -eri for 2nd conj., -i for 3rd conj., -iri for 4th conj.
how to form the perfect active infinitive
3rd pp + sse
how to form the perfect passive infinitive
4th pp + esse (two words), 4th pp must be declined to agree with noun/subject
how to form the future active infinitive
future active participle + esse (two words)
how to form the future passive infinitive
(take the 4th pp and make it end in -um) + iri (two words)
How to translate the present active infinitive ex.: agere (from ago, agere, egi, actum, to drive, lead)
to lead
How to translate the present passive infinitive ex.: agi (from ago, agere, egi, actum, to drive, lead)
to be led
How to translate the perfect active infinitive ex.: egisse (from ago, agere, egi, actum, to drive, lead)
to have led
How to translate the perfect passive infinitive ex.: actus, -a, -um esse (from ago, agere, egi, actum, to drive, lead)
to have been led
How to translate the future active infinitive ex.: acturus, -a, -um (from ago, agere, egi, actum, to drive, lead)
to be about to lead, to be going to lead
How to translate the future passive infinitive ex.: actum iri (from ago, agere, egi, actum, to drive, lead)
to be about to be led, to be going to be led
Functions of the infinitive: subject, ex.: errare est humanum
to err is human
Functions of the infinitive: complementary with verbs like possum and debeo, ex.: discedere nunc possunt
they can leave now
Functions of the infinitive: direct object, ex.: iussit eos venire
he ordered them to come
English direct vs indirect statement examples:
Direct: “Julia is a good student,” says the teacher. or The teacher said, “Julia is a good student.” Indirect: “The teacher says that Julia is a good student.” or “The teacher said that Julia was a good student.”
To make an indirect statement in Latin, you:
have a main verb of thinking/feeling/etc., you then put the subject in the accusative case and the verb in the infinitive. Translate with the word “that”.
Indirect statement in Latin ex: The teacher says that Julia is a good student.
Magister dicit Iuliam esse discipulam bonam.
Indirect statement in Latin ex: The teacher said that Julia was a good student.
Magister dixit Iuliam esse discipulam bonam.
Key think to remember about se vs is, ea, id:
se refers to oneself, is, ea, id refers to someone else. So “Iulia putat se esse bonam discipulam.” means “Julia thinks that she (herself) is a good student.”
the present infinitive indicates the ____ time as that of the main verb
same
the perfect infinitive indicates the time _____ that of the main verb
before
the future infinitive indicates time ____ that of the main verb
after
hostis, hostis
N C, enemy (of the state); stranger,
mundus, mundi
N M, universe, heavens
tum
adv., then, next
puto, putare, putavi, putatus
V, think, believe,
ac
CONJ, and, and also
quoque
ADV likewise/besides/also/too
