Comparison of Adjs; Ablative of Comparison + pg 212-213 Wheelock vocab Flashcards
cena, cenae
f., dinner
forum, fori
n., marketplace, forum (forensic)
lex, legis
f., law, statute (legal)
limen, liminis
n., threshold, entrance
lux, lucis
f., light (lucid)
mensa, mensae
f., table; dining; dish, course
nox, noctis
f., night (nocturnal)
somnus, somni
m., sleep (insomnia)
quidam, quaedam, quiddam
(pron.) or quoddam (adj.), indef. pron. and adj.; as pron., a certain one or thing, someone, something; as adj. a certain, some (gen. cuiusdam, dat. cuidam, etc.)
pudicus, pudica, pudicum
modest, chaste (impudent)
superbus, superba, superbum
arrogant, overbearing, haughty, proud (superb)
tristis, triste
sad, sorrowful; joyless, grim, severe (tristful)
turpis, turpe
ugly, shameful, base, disgraceful (turpitude)
urbanus, urbana, urbanum
of the city, urban; elegant (suburban)
prae
prep. + abl., in front of, before
quam
conj., after comparative, than; adv. before superlative, as… as possible: quam fortissimus, as brave as possible
tantum
adv., only (tantamount)
invito, invitare, invitavi, invitatum
to entertain, invite, summon (invitation)
3 types of adjectives: positive
normal adjective like good or strong
3 types of adjectives: comparative
adjectives that make a comparision like more good or stronger
3 types of adjectives: superlative
highest degree of adjectives like most good or strongest
to get the stem of a 1st/2nd declension adjective
you remove the ending from the nom. sing. fem. form
to get the stem of a 3rd declension adjective
you remove the ending from the gen. sing. form. Ex: felix, gen. felicis - stem=felic
How to form and decline comparative adjectives
add -ior (m&f) or -ius (neuter) to the stem of the adjective. Decline according to the 3rd declension. Do not follow i-stem rules. Always follow the neuter rule.
For help declining comparative adjectives look at Wheelock pg 211
do it you will thank me later because it’s confusing
how to form the superlative degree of adjectives
base + -issimus,-a,-um or sometimes -errimus,-a,-um or sometimes -illimus,-a,-um
for adjectives whose bases end in -e or -i you generally use the word ____ to help make the comparative case
magis. So for idoneus,-a,-um (suitable) the comparative case would look like: magis idoneus. It’s magis + the postive degree of adjective
for adjectives whose bases end in -e or -i you generally use the word ____ to help make the superlative case
maxime. So for idoneus,-a,-um (suitable) the superlative case would look like: maxime idoneus. It’s maxime + the postive degree of adjective
How to use quam with comparative adjectives
comparative adjective + quam (than) + noun/something in the same case as the comparative adj. Ex: Fortior quam miles - stronger than a soldier. Fortior and miles are in the same case.
Ablative of comparision
comparitive adjective + thing your comparing w/in the ablative case. Ex: Fortior milite - stronger than a soldier. Milite is in the ablative case. You can only do this technique if the comparative adjective is in the nominative or accusative case though!
the comparative adjective sometimes has the force of
“rather”, indicating a greater degree of some quality than usual. Ex 1: lux clarior, a rather bright light. Ex 2: vita eius erat brevior, his life was too short.
the superlative adjective is sometimes translated with
“very”, especially when comparing a person/thing to what is usual or ideal: vita eius erat brevissima, his life was very short
when quam precedes a superlative, it functions
adverbially and indicates that the person/thing modified has the greatest possible degree of a particular quality: Amicus meus erat vir quam iucundissimus, My friend was the pleasantest man possible, or, My friend was as pleasant as can be.
