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10th Grade > IEOC BIO - Sheet1 > Flashcards

IEOC BIO - Sheet1 Flashcards

1
Q

______________ STORE AND TRANSMIT HEREDITARY, OR GENETIC INFORMATION.

A

nucleic acids

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2
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

To make protein (protein synthesis)

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3
Q

WHAT ARE THE LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION (largest to smallest)

A

biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, groups of cells, cells, and molecules

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4
Q

THE ENERGY NEEDED TO GET A REACTION STARTED IS CALLED THE:

A

Activation Energy

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5
Q

WHAT DOES AN ENZYME DO?

A

Speed up the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering activation energy

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6
Q

TRUE OR FALSE-ENZYMES WORK AT EVERY TEMPERATURE?

A

false-slow down at lower temperatures or too high of temperatures

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7
Q

THE FOUR GROUPS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ARE:

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

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8
Q

WHAT ORGANIC GROUP IS THE MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR HUMANS.

A

carbohydrates

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9
Q

_______________ ARE USED TO STORE ENERGY, AND ARE IMPORTANT PARTS OF BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES.

A

lipids

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10
Q

______________ STORE AND TRANSMIT HEREDITARY, OR GENETIC INFORMATION.

A

nucleic acids

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11
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

To make protein (protein synthesis)

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12
Q

WHAT ARE SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF ENZYMES?

A

They work best at a specified pH, they are temperature dependent, they are proteins, they can be denatured.

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13
Q

_________ SPEED UP CHEMICAL REACTIONS THAT TAKE PLACE IN CELLS.

A

enzymes

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14
Q

______________ ALLOWS CELLS TO PERFORM DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS.

A

cell specialization

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15
Q

The cell organelle in charge of storage?

A

VACUOLE

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16
Q

Which organelles split themselves in 1/2 to digest dead cells or cell invaders?

A

LYSOSOMES

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17
Q

Which organelle rips the cell apart during cell division?

A

CENTRIOLES

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18
Q

What organelle is the cell boundary?

A

CELL MEMBRANE

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19
Q

What 2 organelles are found in a plant cell, but not an animal cell?

A

CHLOROPLASTS AND CELL WALL

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20
Q

What gives a cell its shape?

A

CELL MEMBRANE AND WATER

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21
Q

What is the name for a cell that does not have a nucleus?

A

PROKARYOTE

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22
Q

What is the name for a cell that does have a nucleus?

A

EUKARYOTE

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23
Q

What is the smallest unit of life?

A

CELL

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24
Q

The process in which molecules move from an area of large concentration to an area of low concentration is:

A

DIFFUSION

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25
Q

Diffusion through a semipermeable membrane is called:

A

OSMOSIS

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26
Q

The concentration of solutes is the same on both the inside and the outside of a cell.

A

ISOTONIC

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27
Q

The concentration of solutes is greater outside of the cell, causes the cell to dry out.

A

HYPERTONIC

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28
Q

The concentration of solutes is greater inside the cell.

A

HYPOTONIC

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29
Q

A single-celled organism. Bacteria falls into this category.

A

UNICELLULAR

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30
Q

Organisms made up of many cells are classified as this:

A

MULTICELLULAR

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31
Q

An energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane.

A

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

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32
Q

The organelle in a cell that in charge of packaging and sorting proteins.

A

GOLGI APPARATUS

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33
Q

Which organelle provides the cell with energy?

A

MITOCHONDRIA AND CHLOROPLASTS

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34
Q

What is the jellylike material that holds the organelles?

A

CYTOPLASM

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35
Q

What is the control structure of the nucleus?

A

NUCLEOLUS

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36
Q

The highway of the cell in charge of cell that transports materials.

A

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

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37
Q

What is the main function of the cell wall?

A

SUPPORT AND PROTECTION

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38
Q

What is the main function of the cell membrane?

A

REGULATES WHAT ENTERS AND LEAVES THE CELL

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39
Q

What is diffusion?

A

THE MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES FROM AN AREA OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TO LOW CONCENTRATION

40
Q

What is the movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels.

A

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

41
Q

Which means of particle transport requires energy from the cell?

A

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

42
Q

What is osmosis?

A

THE DIFFUSION OF WATER ACROSS A SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE.

43
Q

The process by which a cell takes material into the cell.

A

ENDOCYTOSIS

44
Q

The process by which a cell releases materials.

A

EXOCYTOSIS

45
Q

What are the levels of organization of multicellular organisms?

A

INDIVIDUAL CELLS, TISSUES, ORGANS, ORGAN SYSTEMS

46
Q

Organisms that use light energy from the sun to produce food are called:

A

AUTOTROPHS

47
Q

Organisms that obtain energy from the food that they consume are called:

A

HETEROTROPHS

48
Q

________________ is used by cells as their basic energy source.

A

ATP

49
Q

When ATP loses a phosphate is becomes _____________.

A

ADP

50
Q

Photosynthesis occurs in what organelle in plants?

A

CHLOROPLASTS

51
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis?

A

OXYGEN AND GLUCOSE

52
Q

What are the reactants in photosynthesis?

A

CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER

53
Q

What is the pigment in plants that gives them their green color?

A

CHLOROPHYLL

54
Q

What is the formula for cellular respiration?

A

6O2 + C6H12O6 —->6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

55
Q

Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down:

A

GLUCOSE AND OTHER FOOD MOLECULES

56
Q

When oxygen is not present glycolysis is followed by _______________.

A

FERMENTATION

57
Q

When a process requires oxygen it is referred to as:

A

AEROBIC

58
Q

When a process doesn’t require oxygen it is referred to as:

A

ANAEROBIC

59
Q

The process by which a cell divides to form two daughter cells is called:

A

CELL DIVISION

60
Q

What is the cell cycle?

A

SERIES OF EVENTS THAT CELLS GO THROUGH AS THEY GROW AND DIVIDE

61
Q

Genetic information is also called:

A

DNA

62
Q

The process by which a single parent reproduces by itself is called:

A

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

63
Q

What are the phases of mitosis in order?

A

PROPHASE, METAPHASE, ANAPHASE, TELOPHASE

64
Q

The period of growth in between cell divisions is called:

A

INTERPHASE

65
Q

Organisms that have two identical alleles (Ex:TT or tt)for a particular trait are said to be:

A

HOMOZYGOUS

66
Q

An organism that has two different alleles for the same trait (Ex: Tt) is:

A

HETEROZYGOUS

67
Q

Cell division where gametes are produced is called:

A

MEIOSIS

68
Q

The genetic makeup of the organism is called the:

A

GENOTYPE

69
Q

The physical characteristics of an organism is called the:

A

PHENOTYPE

70
Q

Sex cells are also called:

A

GAMETES

71
Q

The different forms of a gene are called:

A

ALLELES

72
Q

What does a punnett square show?

A

ALL POSSIBLE RESULTS OF A GENETIC CROSS, THE GENOTYPES OF THE OFFSPRING, THE ALLELES IN THE GAMETES OF EACH PARENT

73
Q

Adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine are the bases found in ___________.

A

DNA

74
Q

Adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil are the bases found in _________.

A

RNA

75
Q

The backbone of DNA is formed by:

A

sugar and phosphate groups

76
Q

What connects the nitrogenous bases in DNA?

A

hydrogen bonds

77
Q

What happens during translation?

A

The cell uses the information from mRNA to produce proteins.

78
Q

If I have a DNA molecule CGCAGT during replication what strand would be formed?

A

GCGTCA

79
Q

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide (the building block of DNA)?

A

5-carbon sugar nitrogenous base phosphate group

80
Q

Transcription is the process of _______________.

A

Making mRNA from DNA

81
Q

During transcription, an RNA molecule is formed where in the cell?

A

nucleus

82
Q

What is meant by evolutionary fitness?

A

The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment.

83
Q

What are the 3 types of symbiotic relationships found in nature?

A

Mutualistic, parasitic, commensalism

84
Q

What is natural selection?

A

process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully

85
Q

The movements of energy and nutrients through living systems are different because:

A

ENERGY FLOWS IN ONE DIRECTION AND NUTRIENTS RECYCLE

86
Q

The different taxons from largest to smallest are:

A

KINGDOM, PHYLUM, CLASS, ORDER, FAMILY, GENUS, SPECIES

87
Q

Which type of fungi harm other organisms while living directly on them or in them?

A

PARASITES

88
Q

What type of relationship occurs when both organisms benefit from the association with one another?

A

Mutualistic relationship

89
Q

A spider can weave a web without being taught this is an example of….

A

INNATE BEHAVIOR

90
Q

Draw a punnett square: A heterozygous (Bb) and a homozygous dominant (BB) have offspring. What is the probability they will have homozygous recessive offspring?

A

0%

91
Q

What level of organization is the smallest level that includes different species?

A

Community

92
Q

What level of organization contains only 1 species that lives in the same habitat?

A

Population

93
Q

What is learned behavior?

A

Behavior that changes due to experience

94
Q

What are 3 differences between plant and animal cells?

A

Plants have Chloroplasts, cell wall, central vacuole and animals do not

95
Q

How does energy flow through the following organisms: carnivore, herbivore, autotroph?

A

Autotroph, herbivore, carnivore

10th Grade (26 decks)

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