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10th Grade > Biology Ch 7 > Flashcards

Biology Ch 7 Flashcards

0
Q

Leeuwenhoek

A

First to see living things under a microscope (Looked at pond water and saliva)

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1
Q

Hooke and when

A

Created name for cells 1665

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2
Q

CELL THEORY

A
  • All living things are made of cells
  • Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
  • new cells are produced from existing cells
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3
Q

What are the three types of microscopes we learned about and what can they view?

A

Light- view living things up to about 1000X, can use dyes/stains to see things better
Transmission Electron microscope- view inside of cell 5000X (specimen is dead/ persevered)
Scanning Electron microscope- view outside of cells 4000X (specimen is dead/ persevered)
Electron microscopes images are in black and white, color is added to better see structures

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4
Q

Why are fluorescent dyes used in light microscopes sometimes?

A

To track movement of molecules within a living cell

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4
Q

What are simulaties and differences between Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A

Same- have DNA and cell membrane and Demostrate all 8 characteristics of life
Different- Eukaryotic have a nucleus and ate typically larger and have more internal structures (organelles) while prokaryotic cells don’t have a nucleus and are usually smaller and less complex

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5
Q

Pictures for cells

A

Yeah

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6
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Fluid portion of cell outside nucleus (contain organelles)

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7
Q

Nucleus

A

Contain DNA and controls cells activities

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8
Q

Nucleolus

A

Starts assembly of ribosomes

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9
Q

Chromatin chromosome

A

Threadlike structure connected to proteins

it is the genetic material DNA

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10
Q

Ribosomes

A

Assembles proteins using directions from the nucleus

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11
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough)

A

smooth -make membrane lipids detoxify drugs in the cell

rough- chemically modifies proteins then sends it to the Golgi apparatus

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12
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Modifies sorts and packages proteins from ER and releases for storage in the cell or release outside of the cell

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13
Q

Lysosomes

A

Breaks down lipids carbs and proteins to be used by the cell also breaks down old organelles

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14
Q

Vacuoles and vesicles

A

Stored materials (water salts proteins carbs) one large vacuole typically found in plants (also helps with support for plant)

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15
Q

Mitochondria

A

Converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds the cell can use easier

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16
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Converts the suns energy into food (chemical energy) for the cell (not found in animal cells)

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17
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Gives cell shape,support/helps with movement/helps with cell division

18
Q

Microtubules

A

Cell shape ,cell division,flagella and cilia

19
Q

Centrioles

A

Made of microtubules helps with cell division only found in animal cells

20
Q

Microfilaments

A

Support cell ,helps and movement

21
Q

Cell membrane

A

Regulates what enters and leaves the cell

22
Q

Cell wall

A

Supports and protects the cell (rigid structure )(not found in animal cells)

23
Q

Lipid bilayer

A

Makes the cell membrane two layers of lipids with the hydrophobic tails on the inside and the hydrophilic heads on the outside

24
Q

How animal and plant cells are different what organelles are not present in one and are in the other

A

Animal-centrioles (involved in cell division)

plant- chloroplast( photosynthesis to make food) and cell wall (support and protection )and central vacuole

25
Q

Passive transport

A

Movement of particles into or out of the cell because of concentration difference no energy

26
Q

Protein channels

A

Where large and charged molecules pass through a cell membrane during facilitated diffusion

27
Q

Diffusion

A

Process by which particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (remember no energy needed)

28
Q

Equilibrium

A

Both sides of a solution has the same concentration (molecules still move in both directions)

29
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water/ water always moves towards the higher solute concentration

30
Q

Isotonic

A

Solution inside and outside of a cell are the same (cell does not change)

31
Q

Hypertonic

A

Solute concentration is higher outside of the cell- water moves outside of the cell (cell shrinks)

32
Q

Hypotonic

A

Solute concentration is lower outside of the cell -water moves into the cell (cell swells, can burst)

33
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Diffusion of large or charged molecules in or out of a cell via a protein channel

34
Q

Active transport

A

Moving particles across a membrane against the concentration gradient (uses energy)

35
Q

Protein pumps

A

Needed for active transport of small molecules (uses energy)

36
Q

Endocytosis

A

Bring large materials into the cell by enfolding membrane and creating a vacuole (uses energy) (type of active transport)

37
Q

Exocytosis

A

Releasing large amounts of material from that sell back your fuses so membrane forcing materials out of the cell (uses energy) (type of active transport)

38
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Cytoplasm extends to envelop liquid (type of endocytosis)

39
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Cytoplasm extends around large molecule and membrane pinches off forming a food vacuole (a type of endocytosis)

40
Q

Know simalarties and differences between unicellular and multicellular organisms and examples of each

A

Similarities- cytoplasm DNA cell membrane 8 characteristics of life

Unicellular- 1 cell cell must do All actions of homeostasis -bacteria

Multicellular- lots of cells usually users cell specialization to maintain homeostasis ex-insects people

41
Q

Know 4 levels of organization what each level means order of levels (small to large)

A

Cells tissues organs organ systems

42
Q

Cell specialization

A

Different types of cell perform different functions (used for homeostasis in multicellular organisms) ex-insects muscle cell nerve

43
Q

Receptors

(Why they are important in multicellular organisms

A

For cells to be able to communicate using Chem signals

10th Grade (26 decks)

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