Biology Ch 7

Question 0

Leeuwenhoek

Answer 0

First to see living things under a microscope (Looked at pond water and saliva)

Question 1

Hooke and when

Answer 1

Created name for cells 1665

Question 2

CELL THEORY

Answer 2

• All living things are made of cells
• Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
• new cells are produced from existing cells

Question 3

What are the three types of microscopes we learned about and what can they view?

Answer 3

Light- view living things up to about 1000X, can use dyes/stains to see things better
Transmission Electron microscope- view inside of cell 5000X (specimen is dead/ persevered)
Scanning Electron microscope- view outside of cells 4000X (specimen is dead/ persevered)
Electron microscopes images are in black and white, color is added to better see structures

Question 4

Why are fluorescent dyes used in light microscopes sometimes?

Answer 4

To track movement of molecules within a living cell

Question 4

What are simulaties and differences between Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 4

Same- have DNA and cell membrane and Demostrate all 8 characteristics of life
Different- Eukaryotic have a nucleus and ate typically larger and have more internal structures (organelles) while prokaryotic cells don’t have a nucleus and are usually smaller and less complex

Question 5

Pictures for cells

Answer 5

Yeah

Question 6

Cytoplasm

Answer 6

Fluid portion of cell outside nucleus (contain organelles)

Question 7

Nucleus

Answer 7

Contain DNA and controls cells activities

Question 8

Nucleolus

Answer 8

Starts assembly of ribosomes

Question 9

Chromatin chromosome

Answer 9

Threadlike structure connected to proteins

it is the genetic material DNA

Question 10

Ribosomes

Answer 10

Assembles proteins using directions from the nucleus

Question 11

Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough)

Answer 11

smooth -make membrane lipids detoxify drugs in the cell

rough- chemically modifies proteins then sends it to the Golgi apparatus

Question 12

Golgi apparatus

Answer 12

Modifies sorts and packages proteins from ER and releases for storage in the cell or release outside of the cell

Question 13

Lysosomes

Answer 13

Breaks down lipids carbs and proteins to be used by the cell also breaks down old organelles

Question 14

Vacuoles and vesicles

Answer 14

Stored materials (water salts proteins carbs) one large vacuole typically found in plants (also helps with support for plant)

Question 15

Mitochondria

Answer 15

Converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds the cell can use easier

Question 16

Chloroplasts

Answer 16

Converts the suns energy into food (chemical energy) for the cell (not found in animal cells)

Question 17

Cytoskeleton

Answer 17

Gives cell shape,support/helps with movement/helps with cell division

Question 18

Microtubules

Answer 18

Cell shape ,cell division,flagella and cilia

Question 19

Centrioles

Answer 19

Made of microtubules helps with cell division only found in animal cells

Question 20

Microfilaments

Answer 20

Support cell ,helps and movement

Question 21

Cell membrane

Answer 21

Regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Question 22

Cell wall

Answer 22

Supports and protects the cell (rigid structure )(not found in animal cells)

Question 23

Lipid bilayer

Answer 23

Makes the cell membrane two layers of lipids with the hydrophobic tails on the inside and the hydrophilic heads on the outside

Question 24

How animal and plant cells are different what organelles are not present in one and are in the other

Answer 24

Animal-centrioles (involved in cell division) | plant- chloroplast( photosynthesis to make food) and cell wall (support and protection )and central vacuole

Question 25

Passive transport

Answer 25

Movement of particles into or out of the cell because of concentration difference no energy

Question 26

Protein channels

Answer 26

Where large and charged molecules pass through a cell membrane during facilitated diffusion

Question 27

Diffusion

Answer 27

Process by which particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (remember no energy needed)

Question 28

Equilibrium

Answer 28

Both sides of a solution has the same concentration (molecules still move in both directions)

Question 29

Osmosis

Answer 29

Diffusion of water/ water always moves towards the higher solute concentration

Question 30

Isotonic

Answer 30

Solution inside and outside of a cell are the same (cell does not change)

Question 31

Hypertonic

Answer 31

Solute concentration is higher outside of the cell- water moves outside of the cell (cell shrinks)

Question 32

Hypotonic

Answer 32

Solute concentration is lower outside of the cell -water moves into the cell (cell swells, can burst)

Question 33

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 33

Diffusion of large or charged molecules in or out of a cell via a protein channel

Question 34

Active transport

Answer 34

Moving particles across a membrane against the concentration gradient (uses energy)

Question 35

Protein pumps

Answer 35

Needed for active transport of small molecules (uses energy)

Question 36

Endocytosis

Answer 36

Bring large materials into the cell by enfolding membrane and creating a vacuole (uses energy) (type of active transport)

Question 37

Exocytosis

Answer 37

Releasing large amounts of material from that sell back your fuses so membrane forcing materials out of the cell (uses energy) (type of active transport)

Question 38

Pinocytosis

Answer 38

Cytoplasm extends to envelop liquid (type of endocytosis)

Question 39

Phagocytosis

Answer 39

Cytoplasm extends around large molecule and membrane pinches off forming a food vacuole (a type of endocytosis)

Question 40

Know simalarties and differences between unicellular and multicellular organisms and examples of each

Answer 40

Similarities- cytoplasm DNA cell membrane 8 characteristics of life Unicellular- 1 cell cell must do All actions of homeostasis -bacteria Multicellular- lots of cells usually users cell specialization to maintain homeostasis ex-insects people

Question 41

Know 4 levels of organization what each level means order of levels (small to large)

Answer 41

Cells tissues organs organ systems

Question 42

Cell specialization

Answer 42

Different types of cell perform different functions (used for homeostasis in multicellular organisms) ex-insects muscle cell nerve

Question 43

Receptors | (Why they are important in multicellular organisms

Answer 43

For cells to be able to communicate using Chem signals