biology chapter 22 Flashcards
Define plant (be specific)
eukaryotes that have cell walls containing cellulose and carry out photosynthesis using chlorophyll a and b.
What are the 4 Needs of Plants?
CO2, water, light, minerals
What is the lineage of plants? (where do we think they came from?)
Ancestor of green algae
WHY do we think plants came from algae
Reproductive cycles similar to plants , cell walls and photosynthetic pigments similar to plants,
What is a sporophyte?
spore-producing plant multicellular diploid phase of a plant’s life cycle
What is a gametophyte?
gamete producing plant, multicellular haploid phase of a plant life cycle
For the most part, which part do we see and call a plant?
diploid sporophyte 2n
Which group is the exception to us seeing the diploid sporophyte part of a cell?
Green Algae
Where are sperm and eggs produced in a plant? `
gametes
What are the 3 factors we use to classify plants?
Embryo formation, vascular tissue, seeds, flowers/fruit
What does Vascular tissue do?
carries water and nutrients
What are the two parts of Vascular tissue and what does each do?
Xylem-carries water, phloem- carries nutrients/sugars
How is vascular tissue linked to evolution of plants?
1 - selection to resist water loss by presenting a minimal surface area (waxy cuticle, stomata, lignin) 2 - selection for gaining light exposure by presenting a maximal surface area. (Height, branching, vascularization)
List the 4 groups of plants and give an example of each
Bryophytes moss ferns and fernallies ferns gymnosperms coniffers angiosperms flowering plants
What are some uses of Bryophytes? `
retianing moisture in soil, fuel source `
What is the difference between Bryophytes and Trachieds?
Tracheophytes have well-developed vascular tissue, which also serves as supporting tissue; bryophytes have, at most, a few cells that appear to be slightly modified for conduction and support. In tracheophytes, the sporophyte generation is dominant; in bryophytes the gametophyte generation is dominant. This statement is discussed in more detail in the next section.
What are rhizomes? `
thin filaments that anchor mosses (false roots)
What do ferns and mosses have in common?
Mosses and ferns appear earlier in the fossil record than seed-bearing plants. Despite their lack of seeds, these plant groups outlasted the dinosaurs and continue to thrive but have different characteristics.
Explain the difference between an Angiosperm and a Gymnosperm.
gymnosperms reproduce through cones while angiosperms use flowers
Use the following chart to compare and contrast Moncot and Dicot plants.
Monocots- Single cotyledon parallel vines floral parts often in multiples of 3 Vascular bundles scattered throughout stem Fibrous roots Dicots two cotyledons branched veins floral parts often in multiples of 4 or 5 Vascular bundles arranged in a ring Taproot
What adaptations allowed seed plants to move away from water?
reproductive system that takes place in cones or flowers, transfer of sperm by polination, protection of embryos in seeds,
What is the Endosperm of a seed used for?
nourishes a seedling as it grows
What is the Radicle of a seed used for?
It is the first thing to emerge from a seed and down into the ground to allow the seed to suck up water and send out its leaves so that it can start photosynthesizing.
Why are seeds better than spores?
spores must use water,
