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10th Grade > biology chapter 22 > Flashcards

biology chapter 22 Flashcards

1
Q

Define plant (be specific)

A

eukaryotes that have cell walls containing cellulose and carry out photosynthesis using chlorophyll a and b.

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2
Q

What are the 4 Needs of Plants?

A

CO2, water, light, minerals

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3
Q

What is the lineage of plants? (where do we think they came from?)

A

Ancestor of green algae

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4
Q

WHY do we think plants came from algae

A

Reproductive cycles similar to plants , cell walls and photosynthetic pigments similar to plants,

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5
Q

What is a sporophyte?

A

spore-producing plant multicellular diploid phase of a plant’s life cycle

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6
Q

What is a gametophyte?

A

gamete producing plant, multicellular haploid phase of a plant life cycle

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7
Q

For the most part, which part do we see and call a plant?

A

diploid sporophyte 2n

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8
Q

Which group is the exception to us seeing the diploid sporophyte part of a cell?

A

Green Algae

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9
Q

Where are sperm and eggs produced in a plant? `

A

gametes

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10
Q

What are the 3 factors we use to classify plants?

A

Embryo formation, vascular tissue, seeds, flowers/fruit

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11
Q

What does Vascular tissue do?

A

carries water and nutrients

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12
Q

What are the two parts of Vascular tissue and what does each do?

A

Xylem-carries water, phloem- carries nutrients/sugars

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13
Q

How is vascular tissue linked to evolution of plants?

A

1 - selection to resist water loss by presenting a minimal surface area (waxy cuticle, stomata, lignin) 2 - selection for gaining light exposure by presenting a maximal surface area. (Height, branching, vascularization)

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14
Q

List the 4 groups of plants and give an example of each

A

Bryophytes moss ferns and fernallies ferns gymnosperms coniffers angiosperms flowering plants

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15
Q

What are some uses of Bryophytes? `

A

retianing moisture in soil, fuel source `

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16
Q

What is the difference between Bryophytes and Trachieds?

A

Tracheophytes have well-developed vascular tissue, which also serves as supporting tissue; bryophytes have, at most, a few cells that appear to be slightly modified for conduction and support. In tracheophytes, the sporophyte generation is dominant; in bryophytes the gametophyte generation is dominant. This statement is discussed in more detail in the next section.

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17
Q

What are rhizomes? `

A

thin filaments that anchor mosses (false roots)

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18
Q

What do ferns and mosses have in common?

A

Mosses and ferns appear earlier in the fossil record than seed-bearing plants. Despite their lack of seeds, these plant groups outlasted the dinosaurs and continue to thrive but have different characteristics.

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19
Q

Explain the difference between an Angiosperm and a Gymnosperm.

A

gymnosperms reproduce through cones while angiosperms use flowers

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20
Q

Use the following chart to compare and contrast Moncot and Dicot plants.

A

Monocots- Single cotyledon parallel vines floral parts often in multiples of 3 Vascular bundles scattered throughout stem Fibrous roots Dicots two cotyledons branched veins floral parts often in multiples of 4 or 5 Vascular bundles arranged in a ring Taproot

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21
Q

What adaptations allowed seed plants to move away from water?

A

reproductive system that takes place in cones or flowers, transfer of sperm by polination, protection of embryos in seeds,

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22
Q

What is the Endosperm of a seed used for?

A

nourishes a seedling as it grows

23
Q

What is the Radicle of a seed used for?

A

It is the first thing to emerge from a seed and down into the ground to allow the seed to suck up water and send out its leaves so that it can start photosynthesizing.

24
Q

Why are seeds better than spores?

A

spores must use water,

25
Q

List 3 methods that seeds can be dispersed.

A

Wind and water dispersal animal dispersals explosions

26
Q

Identify 3 methods of categorizing Angiosperms.

A

seed leaves, the strength and composition of their stems, and the number of growing seasons they live.

27
Q

What are the 3 main organs of plants and what is the function of each?

A

Roots= anchor, absorb nutrients/water, store nutrients Stems= transport nutrients/water, support leaves Leaves= photosynthesis

28
Q

What are the 3 main types of tissues found in plants and what is the function of each? Alternate?

A

Dermal- protection Vascular- transport Ground – photosynthesis or storage Meristems- neew growth tissue that can change

29
Q

Types of cells found in ground tissue and why they are important

A

Parenchyma- photosynthesis (thin-walled) Collenchyma- support organs (strong/flexible cell walls) Sclerenchyma-strong cell walls (seed coats)

30
Q

Complete this biological hierarchy: Cells ________—- ________—-_______—-organisms

A

cells tissues organs organ systems organisms

31
Q

Where are meristems found?

A

Stem or root tips

32
Q

Why is Meristem an “alternate” on the chart above?

A

they can change into different types of tissues

33
Q

Explain the difference between taproots and fibrous roots.

A

Taproot- 1 large root, some small branches Fibrous Root- many smaller equal sized branched roots

34
Q

Which type of root is commonly found in monocots?

A

Fibrous

35
Q

List the 4 jobs of roots.

A

support plants, store food, uptake of water and nutrients, anchor it in the ground

36
Q

label parts of the root Epidermis, endodermis, xylem, phloem, apical meristem, root hair

A

….

37
Q

2 kinds of vascular tissue

A

xylem and phloem

38
Q

Minerals enter the roots through the process of _________ _____________, which triggers water to follow because of the process of ________________.

A

Active transport root pressure/osmosis

39
Q

What structure ensures that water makes it into the vascular cylinder?

A

Casparian strip

40
Q

Where is the water ultimately going to go?

A

Vascular cylinder,

41
Q

Where is the water going to?

A

The leaves

42
Q

Monocot stem has vascular bundles

A

All around

43
Q

Dicot stem has vascular bundles

A

Around the outside

44
Q

What are the 3 jobs of above ground stems?

A

Produce leaves, branches, and flowers Hold up leaves to the sun Transport substances throughout plant

45
Q

What is the difference between primary growth and secondary growth?

A

Primary growth- result of elongation of cells produced in apical meristem. Takes place in all seed plants. Secondary growth takes place in meristems called vascular cambium and cork cambium

46
Q

What is the main job of the leaf?

A

Absorb light and do photosynthesis

47
Q

Why does the spongy mesophyll need so many gaps?

A

They connect with the same exterior through stomata(allow gas to diffuse out of leaf)

48
Q

Which structure is important in maintaining water?

A

Guard cells

49
Q

Give an example of a leaf adaptation that has helped a plant survive in “poor” condtions

A

Living stone - 2 leaves of a living stone are rounded which minimizes exposure of their surface to the air for hot dry conditions

50
Q

Discuss the 2 major forces that are necessary to get water from the roots into leaves?

A

Active transport move minerals into the root Root pressure due to minerals forces water into roots

51
Q

What is the pressure-flow hypothesis?

A

Tells us how phloem moves nutrients/ sugars to different areas of the plant (based on nutrient distribution and need in different areas)

52
Q

Label Epidermis, vascular bundle xylem, phloem, ground tissue

A
53
Q

Label Epidermis, Cuticle, Vascular bundle, xylem, phloem, Stoma, guard cells

A

10th Grade (26 decks)

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