Biology Chapter 35 Flashcards
Infectious disease
Diseases caused by pathogens
Germ theory of disease
Microorganisms cause disease
Pathogen
Disease causing agent
Koch’s Postulates
Set of rules that is needed to determine if a certain pathogen causes a specific disease ` How we know what microorganism causes what disease
Zoonosis
Any disease that can be passed from animals to humans
Vector`
An animal carrier of a pathogen, do not get sick themselves
Inflammatory response
Area becomes red painful and inflamed, starts from pathogen stimulating mast cells to release histamines Nonspecific immune system
Histamine
Released by mast cells, increase blood flow and fluids to infected area so more WBC’s reach the area to fight the pathogen Nonspecific immune system
Interferon
Proteins that interfere with viral growth, slows production of new virus particles being made Nonspecific immune system
Fever
Increase in body temperature, helps slow growth of pathogen, speeds up immune response Nonspecific immune system
Immune response
Activated when pathogen gets past the nonspecific immunity Specific cells in immune system remember a pathogen and can fight it faster and stronger the next time, can tell between self and non-self
Antigen
Protein on outside of cell that helps body recognize it as a foreign substance (pathogen) On the pathogen or cells that have “eaten” pathogen, phagocytes
Antibody
Created by plasma cells (type of B cell) tags antigens to mark for destruction by immune cells Recognizes specific antigen and bind to it to tag for destruction
Humoral immunity
Immune response that occurs in the fluids (blood and lymph), starts when antibodies on existing b cells bind to antigen of pathogen In the fluids
Cell-mediated immunity
Immune response of T-cells that work in the cells of the body In the cells
Plasma cells
B cells that create antibodies, die after infection is gone humoral
Memory b-cells
Remember a specific antigen and will be able to remember how to fight it if infected again later humoral
Cytotoxic T cells
(killer t cells) kill infected cells of the body and pathogens Cell-mediated