Biology chapter 18

Question 1

Why are scientific names used instead of common names?

Answer 1

So there is no confusion on what organism is being discussed (no language/region differences)

Question 2

How many words are scientific names?

Answer 2

2

Question 3

What does the first word of a scientific name represent? The second word?

Answer 3

Genus species

Question 4

How should scientific names be written?

Answer 4

All in italics, first word capitalized, second word all lowercase

Question 5

What are the 7 levels (taxa) of classification in order from largest to smallest?

Answer 5

1. Kingdom
2. Phylum
3. Class
4. Order
5. Family
6. Genus
7. Species

Question 6

Know which levels fit into the others and which are more general or more specific.
Be able to apply to examples.

Answer 6

Use the book section 1 (camel example may help)

Question 7

What are the 6 different kingdoms? What are the main characteristics of each kingdom?

Answer 7

Page 524

1. Animalia- heterotrophs, no cells walls, most move
2. Plantae- autotrophs, cells walls with cellulose, most don’t move
3. Fungi- heterotrophs, cell walls with chitin
4. Protista- unicellular, auto or heterotrophs
5. Archaebacteria- prokaryotes, cell wall without peptidoglycan, unicellular, unusual membrane lipids
6. Eubacteria- prokaryotes, cell wall with peptidoglycan, unicellular

Question 8

What 2 kingdoms used to be one kingdom called monera?

Answer 8

1. Archaebacteria

2. Eubacteria

Question 9

What are the three domains? Which kingdoms fit into each domain?
What are the main characteristics of each?

Answer 9

1. Archaea- kingdom= Archaebacteria
2. Bacteria- kingdom= Eubacteria
3. Eukarya- kingdoms= Animalia, Plantae, Protista, Fungi

Question 10

What did early biologists use to classify organisms?

Answer 10

Similarities and differences in physical characteristis

Question 11

How can DNA be useful in classification?

Answer 11

Comparison of DNA similarities can help determine how closely related organisms are (genes can be used as derived characters

Question 12

What is evolutionary classification?

Answer 12

Classification of organisms based on evolutionary relationships (when they shared a common ancestor)

Question 13

What is a cladogram?

Answer 13

A diagram showing the evolutionary relationship between organisms (in a “tree” format”)

Question 14

How are cladograms constructed? (They are based on….)

Answer 14

Derived characters are used to fit groups based on similarities
Can use homologous structures, vestigial structures, DNA, embryology

Question 15

What is a monophyletic group?

Answer 15

A groups of organisms that includes a single common ancestor and all of its descendents

Question 16

What is a dichotomy key? How is it useful?

Answer 16

IDK