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10th Grade > Bio chapter 21 > Flashcards

Bio chapter 21 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a protist?

A

Usually a unicellular eukaryote that is not a plant, fungi, or animal

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2
Q

What are some characteristics of protists?

A

Eukaryotic (the first)UnicellularAsexual or sexual reproduction

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3
Q

Why does the classification of protists need to change?

A

Very diverse (some are more closely related to other kingdoms than protists)

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4
Q

Protists should be classified as ________ different kingdoms.

A

6

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5
Q

Describe the different movement methods of protists and the names of organisms that use each type

A

Amoeboid movement- cytoplasm projections- amoebas
Flagella- tail-like structures- flagellates (euglena)
Cilia- lots of short hair-like projections – ciliates (paramecium)
Passive- let environment move them (current in the water, wind, etc)

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6
Q

How can protists reproduce?

A

AsexuallySexually (alternation of generations)

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7
Q

Why is conjugation important in certain protest species?

A

To increase genetic diversity

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8
Q

What does alternation of generations mean?

A

That the organism lives part of its life in the diploid stage, and some in a haploid stage

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9
Q

How are autotrophic protists important in many ecosystems? (Ecological roles)

A

Food source
Shelter
Nutrient recycling

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10
Q

Be able to list different types of autotrophic protists.

A

Red and brown algae
Euglena
Phytoplankton
dinoflagellates

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11
Q

What is an algal bloom and a red tide?

A

Algal bloom- overgrowth of algae because of nutrient influx…algae dies, dcomposers break down algae and use all of the oxygen… no oxygen=fish die
Red tide- toxins released as dinoflagellates “eat” new nutrient introduced into water

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12
Q

In what 3 ways do heterotrophic protists obtain energy?

A

Collect and digest- amoebas surround food
Absorb from environment
Ciliates sweep food into gullet

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13
Q

What is a food vacuole and a gullet? What types of protists use each?

A

Food vacuole- vacuole created to store food molecules for a short time (amoebas, ciliates)
Gullet- indentation on one side of body that collects food and creates a food vacuole (ciliates)

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14
Q

What is a symbiotic relationship? What are the different types of symbiosis?

A

When 2 organisms live closely together
Mutualistic- both benefit
Parasitic- one benefits, the other is harmed

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15
Q

List 1 example of a mutualistic(both organisms benefit) and parasitic relationship protists have with other organisms.

A

Mutualistic coral reefs and protists, termites and protest

Parasitic- protist and human (malaria) Plasmodium

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16
Q

Why are fungi important to the environment? Why are they important to humans?

A

Decomposers (recycle nutrients),
relationships with plants to help them grow
Food, medicine

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17
Q

What characteristics do all (or most) fungi share? Which characteristics are like plants, which are like animals?

A

Multicellular, eukaryotes, cell walls with chitin (polymer of modified sugars) , heterotrophs
Cell wall like plant
Heterotroph like animals

18
Q

What are some common plant and human diseases caused by fungi?

A

Plant- corn smut, wheat rust

Human- ring worm, athlete’s foot

19
Q

What are the 4 phyla of fungi?

A
  1. Club- basidiomycota
  2. Sac- ascomycota
  3. Common Molds- zygomycota
  4. Chyrids- chytridomycota
20
Q

How are fungi classified?

A

By the way they reproduce and DNA

21
Q

What are the main parts of a fungi? And what are their functions?

A

Fruiting body- part above ground, reproductive structure
Mycelium- made of mass of hypae below ground, thin filaments, absorb nutrients
Hyphae (and what are cross walls)- thin filaments one cell wide, absorb nutrients-
cross walls separate hyphae into “cells” but allow movement of cytoplasm and organelles from one area to another

22
Q

How do fungi reproduce? (Know the +, - mating types)-

A

asexually- break off or spores and grow on its own

sexually- mating type nuclei go to same cell and create different haploid spores

23
Q

Why do fairy rings form circles?

A

Because the fungus grows its fruiting bodies at the edge of the mycelium to try and increase the chance of spores reaching an area rich in nutrients to grow

24
Q

Lichens are composed of…… and list what each organism provides in the relationship

A

Algae or cyanobacteria and a fungus

Provides energy and provides water/minerals

25
Q

Mycorrhizae are composed of…….. and list what each organism provides in the relationship

A

Plants and fungus

Energy water and minerals

26
Q

Vocab words

A

Fun!

27
Q

Ameboid movement

A

Movement by changing shape

28
Q

pseudopods

A

projections of cytoplasm

29
Q

Passive Movement

A

Using air and water currents to move`

30
Q

Spores

A

reproductive cells

31
Q

Protists reproduce asexually and sexually. HOw?

A

Mitosis or Conjugation (not actually reproducing)

32
Q

Paramecium’s Micronucleus/ Macronucleus

A

“Reserve copy” of genes, day-to-day activities

33
Q

Protist reproduction- Alternation of Generations

A

Sexual life cycle in which they alternate between a diploid and haploid phase (asexual and sexual)

34
Q

Protist reproduction-Sporangium

A

spore capsule in which haploid spores are produced by meiosis

35
Q

Role of photosynthetic protist

A

base of the food chain

36
Q

Hyphae

A

thin filaments of which multicellular fungi are composed

37
Q

crosswalls

A

Divide hyphae into the cells but still have openings for cytoplasm and organelles to pass through

38
Q

mycellium

A

composed of many hyphae tangled together in a thick mass

39
Q

fruiting body

A

reproductive structure of a fungus growing from mycellium

40
Q

groups of protista

A

Protozoans-animal like heterotrophs
Algae-multicellular and unicellular photosynthesizers
Fungus-like: external digestion

41
Q 
examples of protist that use...
flagella
pseudopods
cilia
Vector (passive0
A

flagella-Trichonymphia
Pseudopods-amoeba’s
cilia-Paramecium
Passive-Plasmodium (malaria)

42
Q

phyroplankton

A

surface photosynthetic organisms

10th Grade (26 decks)

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