Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

10th Grade > Bio Ch. 8&9 > Flashcards

Bio Ch. 8&9 Flashcards

0
Q

What is the difference between a heterotroph and an autotroph? List an example of each.

A

Heterotroph- organisms that eat (consume) to get food (for energy)- animals, fungi, some bacteria
Autotroph- organisms that make their own food using the process of photosynthesis- plants, algae, some bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is the difference between a heterotroph in and autotroph? list an example of each

A

Heterotroph- organisms that can eat (or consume) to get food (for energy)- animals fungi some bacteria
autotroph- organisms that make their own food using the process of photosynthesis -plants algae and some bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is ATP and how is it important to living things?

A

Adenosine triphosphate- used for energy in cells (to do things like active transport, protein synthesis etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 parts of an ATP molecule?

A

Adenine, ribose, and 3 phosphate groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why does a cell not have a lot of ATP “sitting around” all the time?

A

Because it is a good molecule to transfer energy but not to store it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the main way that cells store chemical energy?

A

sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is energy released from an ATP molecule?

A

By breaking the bond between the 2nd

and 3rd

phosphate group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How are ADP and ATP related and how do they contribute to cell activity?

A

ADP is made from ATP having the bond broken to release energy…. ADP can be “recycled” into ATP using

the energy from sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

The process of using sunlight to make sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What organelle in a cell does photosynthesis occur in?

A

chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a pigment? What is the main pigment in plants?

A

A light absorbing molecule

chlorophyll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why do most plants look green?

A

Because chlorophyll absorbs blue, violet, and red light well but reflects green light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the main parts of a chloroplast? Be able to label a diagram (reference pg 231)

A

Thylakoids- stacks of membranes that contain the chlorophyll

Stroma- fluid area around the thylakoids

Grana- stacks of thylakoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why is NADP+ important in the process of photosynthesis?

A

It is a carrier molecule (to carry high-energy electrons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the chemical formula for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O and light C6H12O6 + 6O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis?

A

Glucose and oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide, water, and light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Summarize the light-dependent reactions. (what does it use, make, and where does it take place).

A

Uses- Water, light, ADP, NADP+ makes- oxygen, ATP, NADPH takes place- in the thylakoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Summarize the light-independent reactions. (what does it use, make, and where does it take place).

A

Uses- ATP, NADPH, carbon dioxide makes- sugar takes place- in the stroma

20
Q

What are three factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis and how does each affect the rate?

A
  1. Light intensity- more intense= faster rate of PS
  2. Temperature- lower temp = slower rate of PS (because of enzymes not working as fast)
  3. Water- shortages= slower rate of PS
21
Q

What is another name for the light-independent reactions?

A

Calvin Cycle

22
Q

How are the terms calorie and Calorie related? If a person consumes 8000 calories, how many Calories have

they consumed?

A

1 Calorie = 1000 calories.

8

23
Q

Why is it important for cellular respiration break food molecules down slowly?

A

So not as much energy is lost as light/heat….it is actually contained and used by the cell

24
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

The process of releasing chemical energy from food to use for activities in the cell

25
Q

What are the reactants of cellular respiration?

A

Glucose and oxygen

26
Q

What are the products of cellular respiration?

A

Energy, carbon dioxide, and water

27
Q

What is the chemical formula of cellular respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

28
Q

What are the 3 stages of cellular respiration (in order)?

A

Glycolysis

Krebs cycle

Electron transport chain

29
Q

How much ATP does glycolysis produce?

A

2 ATP

30
Q

How much ATP does the Krebs cycle produce?

A

2 ATP

31
Q

How much ATP does the electron transport chain produce?

A

32 ATP

32
Q

How are aerobic and anaerobic processes different?

A

Aerobic- need oxygen to work

Anaerobic- works in the absence of oxygen

33
Q

Which stages of cellular respiration are aerobic (require oxygen)?

A

Krebs cycle

Electron transport chain

34
Q

Which stage of cellular respiration does not require oxygen?

A

glycolysis

35
Q

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?

A

They balance each other in nature…. They are opposite processes

36
Q

What organisms perform cellular respiration?

A

What organisms perform cellular respiration?

37
Q

What organisms perform photosynthesis?

A

Plants, algae, some bacteria

38
Q

What is fermentation? What are the 2 types?

A

The release of energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen (creates ATP)

Lactic acid fermentation

Alcoholic fermentation

39
Q

List 2 examples of alcoholic fermentation.

A

Yeast cells- raising bread dough

Yeast- making alcoholic beverages

40
Q

List 2 food products that are made using lactic acid fermentation.

A

Yogurt, cheese, pickles, sour cream

41
Q

What sources of ATP is used when running for 60 seconds?

A

The ATP stored in the cell (a few seconds worth)

Lactic acid fermentation

42
Q

What sources of ATP are used when running a 5K?

A

Cellular respiration

43
Q

How long should someone do aerobic exercise for if they are trying to lose weight?

A

Over 20 minutes

44
Q

Why do people breathe deeply and “huff and puff” after a 100m dash?

What is the body trying to do?

A

The lactic acid build up during the lactic acid fermentation needs to be removed from the cell- this process takes

oxygen

The body is trying to recover from the “oxygen debt”

45
Q

Why is it important for hibernating animals to have fat stored when they go through long periods without

eating?

A

So that ATP can still be produced (to be used in cellular activity) without a new intake of more food molecules

10th Grade (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions