Hypothalmic and Pituitary Hormones II Flashcards
what are the gonadotropin analogues
Follitropin
Urofollitropin
hCG
Menotropins
hCG mimics what actions
actions of LH and is obtained from urine of pregnant women
main source of menotropins
urine of pregnant women
what is urofillitropin
highly purified FSH preparation
in women what is the purpose of FSH and LH
ovarian follicle development and ovarian steroidogenesis
what is the use of gonadotropins
used for those who are infertile to stimulate spermatogenesis in men and ovulation in women with anovulation that is secondary to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
adverse effects of gonadotropins and hCG use in men and women
men - gynecomastia
women - ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and multiple pregnancies
what are the ACTH analogues
Corticotropin (ACTH itself)
Cosyntropin (recombinant ACTH)
uses of ACTH analogues
- diagnose suspect cases of adrenal insufficiency
- diagnose if insufficiency is primary or secondary
function of oxytocin
muscular contraction –> milk release during lactation and uterine contraction
mechanism of oxytocin
works via Gq and G11 –> IP3 and DAG –> increased Ca2+ –> stimulate release of prostaglandins and leukotrienes
used outside the united states to prevent pre term labor
Atosiban - oxytocin antagonist
when is Vasopressin released
falling BP or increased tonicity
mechanism of vasopressin
- Gq: works on V1 receptor found on vascular SM and mediates vasoconstriction
- Gs: works on V2 receptor on renal tubule cells and decreases diuresis via increased water permeability and resorption
what happens if ADH disrupted
- excess ADH: SIADH
- deficient ADH: diabetes insipidus
what is used to treat diabetes insipidus
vasopressin desmopressin (long acting vasopressin analogue)
what else is vasopressin used to treat
Esophageal varices bleeding
Colonic Diverticular bleeding
what else is desmopressin used to treat
Coagulopathy in Hemophilia A and von willebrand disease
side effects of vasopressin and desmopressin
hyponatremia
seizures
vasopressin antagonist and its mechanism
Conivaptan –> V1 and V2 receptor antagonist
what is vasopressin antagonist used to treat
Conivaptan –> SIADH induced hyponatremia
