Botanicals Flashcards
used to reduce symptoms of cold and time of recovery if used within 24 hours of onset
Echinacea juice
effects of echinacea juice
increases phagocytosis
activate NK cells
reduce IL-6/8
reduce cox –> anti inflamm properties
AE of echinacea juice
unpleasant taste
GI symptoms
headache
dizziness
what is Ephedra used for (Ma Huang)
CNS stimulant
Asthma
Bronchitis
Athletic Performance enhancer
Weight loss
what does ephedra contain and its effect
pseudoephedrine and ephedrine
indirectly acting sympathomimetics –> release NE from nerve ending
AE of Ephedra
Insomnia Dizziness Anorexia Tachycardia Flushing Urinary retention
contraindication of Ephedra
Cardiac Arrhythmias Hyperthyroidism CHF Hypertension Bulimia Glaucoma Pregnancy DM Anxiety states
main component in Garlic (allium sativum)
thiosulfinate –> forms into allicin from allium by stomach acid
effect of Garlic (allium sativum)
allicin –> decreases of hepatic HMG Co-A
Platelet aggregation reduction NO increase Fibrinolytic Antimicrobial Carcinogenic activation reduction Cholesterol reduction
AE of garlic (allium sativum)
Hypotension
Allergic Reaction
Nausea
body odor, contact dermatitis, breath
what is Ginkgo used for
cognitive impairment/dementia
cerebral insufficiency
intermittent claudication
mechanism of Ginkgo
antioxidant and free radical scavenge –> decreased oxidative stress
increases NO formation –> decreased blood viscosity –> increased vasodilation –> increase in muscarinic and decrease in b-adrenoreceptors
AE and contraindication of Ginkgo
AE - epileptogenic
CI - epilepsy
what is Ginseng used for and mechanism
improves mental and physical performance ==> increase ACh, NE, 5-HT and DA
AE of Ginseng
Estrogenic effects
Mastalgia (breast pain)
Vaginal bleeding
use of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum)
cytoprotective agent against hepatic injury (ex: amanita mushroom, acetaminophen, alcohol)
mechanism of milk thistle (silybum marianum)
increases hepatic RNA polymerase activity
Use of St. John’s Worts (Hypericum Perforatum)
mild to moderate depression
mechanism of St John’s Worts
Hyperforin decreases serotonergic reuptake (similar to SSRIs and TCAs)
drug interactions of St. John’s Worts
CYP inducer –> reduces effectiveness of OCs, Cyclosporin, protease inhibitors, and warfarin
AE of St. John’s Worts
GI disturbances
Photosensitivity
used in the treatment of BPH
Saw Palmetto
mechanism of Saw Palmetto
reduces 5 alpha reductase activity
antagonist effects at androgenic receptors
used to treat Parkinson’s
Coenzymes Q10 aka Ubiquinone
what else is Coenzyme Q10 used to treat
CHF
MI
CAD
used for the treatment of Osteoarthritis
Glycosaminoglycans
AE of glycosaminoglycans
increased INR in patients with warfarin –> bruising and GIT bleeding risks
helps jet lag
alternative drug for insomnia
Melatonin
AE of melatonin
sedation
following day drowsiness
chronic use –> decreased sperm quality
contraindication of melatonin
pregnancy
lactation
used for treatment of symptoms associated with menopause and premenstrual tension
Black Cohosh (Actaea Racemosa)
mechanism of Black Cohosh
binds and activates serotonin receptors
AE of black cohosh
dizziness
headaches
seizures
used for short term social anxiety
Kava
AE of Kava
Malnutrition –> weight loss
LIVER and renal damage
