Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards
uses of epinephrine
anaphylactic shock
asthmatic attacks
cardiac arrest
local anesthesia so drug persists at site before being absorbed and metabolized
adverse effects of epi
CNS disturbances
hemorrhage
cardiac arrhythmias
pulmonary edema
what does epi do in the presence of hyperthyroidism, cocaine, and beta blockers
- for hyperthyroidism and cocaine, it increases/enhances cardiovascular actions
- in those on beta blockers, since beta receptors are not available, all the epi goes to the alpha receptors causing an increase in peripheral resistance hence high BP
effect of norepinephrine if given after pre treatment of atropine
causes tachycardia because atropine is a muscarinic antagonist so effects are enhanced
uses of norepinephrine
blood pressure control in those that are hypotensive
cardiogenic and septic shock
what is dopamine used for
severe congestive heart failure
cardiogenic and septic shock
adverse effects of dopamine
nausea, hypertension, arrhythmias (like NE and E)
D1 receptor agonist that is used for peripheral vasodilation used to tx severe hypertension in hospitals
fenoldopam
what is isoproterenol used for and what receptor does it work on
non selective beta agonist
in emergencies to stimulate heart rate in patients with bradycardia or heart block
CV, pulmonary, and other effects of isoproterenol
- CV - stimulates heart rate and contractility (beta 1), decrease peripheral resistance (beta 2)
- pulmonary - bronchodilation
- GI SM is relaxed, hyperglycemia, lipolysis
what receptor does dobutamine work on
beta 1 agonist
uses of dobutamine
- increase cardiac output in management of heart failure
- management of cardiogenic shock
short acting beta 2 agonists used in the treatment of asthma as a bronchodilator
terbutaline and albuterol
long acting beta 2 agonists used in the treatment of asthma as a bronchodilator
salmeterol and formoterol
adverse effects of beta 2 agonist drugs
tremor, restlessness, apprehension, anxiety
receptor does phenylephrine works on and its uses
alpha 1 agonist
- nasal decongestant
- to increase BP in those that are hypotensive
- mydriasis
receptor does clonidine work on
- partial alpha 2 agonist
- activates central alpha adrenoreceptors
uses of clonidine
to reduce sympathetic outflow from CNS
adverse effects of clonidine
lethargy, sedation, xerostomia
what happens to methyldopa when taken up
it is converted to methylnorepinephrine by alpha 2 adrenoreceptors
use of methyldopa
used for the treatment of hypertension during pregnancy because it is safe for mother and the fetus
adverse effects of methyldopa
sedation, mental lassitude, impaired mental concentration, dry mouth
alpha 2 agonist that is administered ocularly to lower intraocular pressure in persons with glaucoma
brimonidine
indirect acting adrenergic agonist that is a releasing agent aka it causes norepinephrine release from presynaptic terminals
amphetamine, methylphenidate, tyramine
what is amphetamine used for
to treat ADHD and narcolepsy
what is a structural analogue of amphetamine and is also used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy
methylphenidate
if a patient is taking MAO inhibitors, this drug can precipitate serious vasopressor episodes
tyramine
what is cocaine used for
topical anesthesia of the upper respiratory tract
what does cocaine do chemically
it blocks the reuptake of dopamine into neurons of the pleasure center hence producing euphoria
treatments for ADHD
methylphenidate, amphetamine, atomoxetine
chemically how does atomoxetine work
inhibitor of NET (norepinephrine reuptake transporter)
treatments of narcolepsy
amphetamine, methylphenidate, modafinil
how does modafinil work
inhibitor of norepinephrine and dopamine transporters
increases synaptic conc of NE, dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate
decrease GABA levels
what is ephedrine used for
- pressor agent during spinal anesthesia when hypotension frequent
- bronchial asthma
- myasthenia gravis
how does ephedrine work
it activates alpha and beta receptors and releases NE
what drug does ephedrine have a synergistic effect with in the tx of myasthenia gravis
anticholinesterases like pyridostigmine and neostigmine
what is pseudoephedrine
ephedrine enantiomers that is used as a component of nasal decongestant and is found in combination with H1 histamine antagonist
