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Pharmacology > Adrenergic Drugs > Flashcards

Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

uses of epinephrine

A

anaphylactic shock
asthmatic attacks
cardiac arrest
local anesthesia so drug persists at site before being absorbed and metabolized

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2
Q

adverse effects of epi

A

CNS disturbances
hemorrhage
cardiac arrhythmias
pulmonary edema

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3
Q

what does epi do in the presence of hyperthyroidism, cocaine, and beta blockers

A
  • for hyperthyroidism and cocaine, it increases/enhances cardiovascular actions
  • in those on beta blockers, since beta receptors are not available, all the epi goes to the alpha receptors causing an increase in peripheral resistance hence high BP
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4
Q

effect of norepinephrine if given after pre treatment of atropine

A

causes tachycardia because atropine is a muscarinic antagonist so effects are enhanced

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5
Q

uses of norepinephrine

A

blood pressure control in those that are hypotensive

cardiogenic and septic shock

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6
Q

what is dopamine used for

A

severe congestive heart failure

cardiogenic and septic shock

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7
Q

adverse effects of dopamine

A

nausea, hypertension, arrhythmias (like NE and E)

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8
Q

D1 receptor agonist that is used for peripheral vasodilation used to tx severe hypertension in hospitals

A

fenoldopam

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9
Q

what is isoproterenol used for and what receptor does it work on

A

non selective beta agonist

in emergencies to stimulate heart rate in patients with bradycardia or heart block

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10
Q

CV, pulmonary, and other effects of isoproterenol

A
  • CV - stimulates heart rate and contractility (beta 1), decrease peripheral resistance (beta 2)
  • pulmonary - bronchodilation
  • GI SM is relaxed, hyperglycemia, lipolysis
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11
Q

what receptor does dobutamine work on

A

beta 1 agonist

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12
Q

uses of dobutamine

A
  • increase cardiac output in management of heart failure

- management of cardiogenic shock

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13
Q

short acting beta 2 agonists used in the treatment of asthma as a bronchodilator

A

terbutaline and albuterol

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14
Q

long acting beta 2 agonists used in the treatment of asthma as a bronchodilator

A

salmeterol and formoterol

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15
Q

adverse effects of beta 2 agonist drugs

A

tremor, restlessness, apprehension, anxiety

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16
Q

receptor does phenylephrine works on and its uses

A

alpha 1 agonist

  • nasal decongestant
  • to increase BP in those that are hypotensive
  • mydriasis
17
Q

receptor does clonidine work on

A
  • partial alpha 2 agonist

- activates central alpha adrenoreceptors

18
Q

uses of clonidine

A

to reduce sympathetic outflow from CNS

19
Q

adverse effects of clonidine

A

lethargy, sedation, xerostomia

20
Q

what happens to methyldopa when taken up

A

it is converted to methylnorepinephrine by alpha 2 adrenoreceptors

21
Q

use of methyldopa

A

used for the treatment of hypertension during pregnancy because it is safe for mother and the fetus

22
Q

adverse effects of methyldopa

A

sedation, mental lassitude, impaired mental concentration, dry mouth

23
Q

alpha 2 agonist that is administered ocularly to lower intraocular pressure in persons with glaucoma

A

brimonidine

24
Q

indirect acting adrenergic agonist that is a releasing agent aka it causes norepinephrine release from presynaptic terminals

A

amphetamine, methylphenidate, tyramine

25
Q

what is amphetamine used for

A

to treat ADHD and narcolepsy

26
Q

what is a structural analogue of amphetamine and is also used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy

A

methylphenidate

27
Q

if a patient is taking MAO inhibitors, this drug can precipitate serious vasopressor episodes

A

tyramine

28
Q

what is cocaine used for

A

topical anesthesia of the upper respiratory tract

29
Q

what does cocaine do chemically

A

it blocks the reuptake of dopamine into neurons of the pleasure center hence producing euphoria

30
Q

treatments for ADHD

A

methylphenidate, amphetamine, atomoxetine

31
Q

chemically how does atomoxetine work

A

inhibitor of NET (norepinephrine reuptake transporter)

32
Q

treatments of narcolepsy

A

amphetamine, methylphenidate, modafinil

33
Q

how does modafinil work

A

inhibitor of norepinephrine and dopamine transporters
increases synaptic conc of NE, dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate
decrease GABA levels

34
Q

what is ephedrine used for

A
  • pressor agent during spinal anesthesia when hypotension frequent
  • bronchial asthma
  • myasthenia gravis
35
Q

how does ephedrine work

A

it activates alpha and beta receptors and releases NE

36
Q

what drug does ephedrine have a synergistic effect with in the tx of myasthenia gravis

A

anticholinesterases like pyridostigmine and neostigmine

37
Q

what is pseudoephedrine

A

ephedrine enantiomers that is used as a component of nasal decongestant and is found in combination with H1 histamine antagonist

Pharmacology (79 decks)

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