HTH 100 Chapter 10 Key Terms Flashcards
Down Syndrome
Genetic disorder caused by presence of extra chromosome resulting in mental disabilities and distinctive physical characteristics
Preconception Care
Medical care received prior to becoming pregnant that helps a woman assess and address potential health issues
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)
Hormone detectable in blood or urine samples of mothers within the 1st few weeks of pregnancy
Trimester
A 3-month segment of pregnancy
Embryo
Fertilized egg from conception through 8th week of development
Fetus
Developing human from 9th week until birth
Placenta
Network of blood vessels connected to the umbilical cord that transports oxygen and nutrients to developing fetus and carries away fetal wastes
Teratogenic
Causing birth defects; may refer to drugs, environmental chemicals, radiation, or diseases
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Pattern of birth defects, learning, and behavioral problems in a child caused by the mother’s alcohol consumption during pregnancy
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Sudden death of infant under 1 year old for no apparent reason
Toxoplasmosis
Disease caused by an organism found in cat feces that, when contracted by pregnant women, may result in stillbirth or birth defects
Ultrasonography (Ultrasound)
Common prenatal test that uses sound waves to create a visual image of a developing fetus
Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)
Prenatal test that involves snipping tissue from the fetal sac to be analyzed for genetic effects
Triple Marker Screen (TMS)
Common maternal blood test that can be used to identify certain birth defects and genetic abnormalities in a fetus
Amniocentesis
Medical test in which a small amount of fluid is drawn from the amniotic sac to test for Down syndrome and other genetic abnormalities
Amniotic Sac
Protective pouch surrounding the fetus
Cesarean Section (C-section)
Surgical birthing procedure in which a baby is removed through an incision made in the mother’s abdominal wall and uterus
Preeclampsia
Pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure, protein in the urine, and edema
Miscarriage
Loss of the fetus before it is viable; also called spontaneous abortion
Ectopic Pregnancy
Dangerous condition that results from the implantation of a fertilized egg outside the uterus, usually in a fallopian tube
Stillbirth
Death of fetus after 20th week of pregnancy but before delivery
Postpartum Depression
Mood disorder experienced by women who have given birth; involves depression, fatigue, and other symptoms that last for weeks or months
Infertility
Inability to conceive after a year or more of trying
Endometriosis
Disorder in which endometrial tissue establishes itself outside uterus
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Inflammation of female genital tract that may cause scarring or blockage of the fallopian tubes, resulting in infertility
Low Sperm Count
Sperm count below 20 million sperm per milliliter of semen
Alternative Insemination
Fertilization procedure accomplished by depositing semen from partner or donor into vagina via a thin tube
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
Fertilization of egg in nutrient medium and subsequent transfer back to mother’s body
Fertility
Person’s ability to reproduce
Contaception
Methods of preventing conception
Conception
Fertilization of ovum by sperm
Birth Control
Methods that reduce likelihood of conception or childbirth
Perfect-Use Failure Rate
Number of pregnancies (per 100 users) likely to occur in the 1st year of a particular birth control method if the method is used consistently and correctly
Typical-Use Failure Rate
Number of pregnancies (per 100 users) likely to occur in the 1st year of use of particular birth control method is method’s use is not consistent or always correct
Barrier Methods
Contraceptive methods that block the meeting of egg and sperm by means of a physical barrier (such as a condom), a chemical barrier (such as a spermicide), or both
Hormonal Methods
Contraceptive methods that introduce synthetic hormones into a woman’s system to prevent ovulation, thicken cervical mucus, or prevent a fertilized egg from implanting
Intrauterine Methods
Contraceptive methods that insert device into uterus to either introduce synthetic hormones ot interfere with sperm movement or egg fertilization
Behavioral Methods
Temporary or permanent abstinence or planning intercourse in accordance with fertility patterns
Permanent Methods
Surgically altering a man’s or woman’s reproductive system to permanently prevent pregnancy
Vaginal Contraceptive Film
Thin film infused with spermicidal gel that’s inserted into vagina so as to cover the cervix
Diaphragm
Latex, cup-shaped device designed to cover cervix and block access to uterus; should always be used with spermicide
Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)
Rare, potentially life-threatening disease that occurs when specific bacterial toxins multiply and spread to bloodstream, usually through improper use of tampons, diaphragms, or cervical caps
Cervical Cap
Small cup made of silicone that is designed to fit snugly over entire cervix; should always be used with spermicide
Contraceptive Sponge
Contraceptive device containing nonoxynol-9 and made of polyurethane foam that fits over cervix to create barrier against sperm
Oral Contraceptives
Pills containing synthetic hormones that prevent ovulation by regulating hormones
Xulane
Patch that releases hormones similar to those in oral contraceptives; each patch is worn for 1 week
NuvaRing
Soft, flexible ring inserted into vagina that releases hormones similar to those in oral contraceptives; each ring worn for 3 weeks
Depo-Provera, Depo-subQ Provera
Injectable method of birth control that lasts for 3 months
Nexplanon (Implanon)
A plastic capsule inserted into woman’s upper arm that releases a low dose of progestin to prevent pregnancy
Intrauterine Device (IUD)
A device, often T-shaped, that is inserted in the uterus to prevent pregnancy
Withdrawal
Contraceptive method that involves withdrawing the penis from the vagina before ejaculation; also called coitus interruptus
Dental Dam
Square of latex used as barrier between mouth and
woman’s genitals to protect from vaginal fluids
Fertility Awareness Methods (FAMs)
Several types of birth control that require alteration of sexual behavior rather than chemical or physical intervention in the reproductive process
Sterilization
Permanent fertility control achieved through surgical procedures
Tubal Ligation
Sterilization of women that involves cutting and tying off or cauterizing fallopian tubes
Hysterectomy
Surgical removal of uterus
Vasectomy
Male sterilization procedure that involves cutting and tying off the vasa deferentia
Emergency Contraceptive Pills (ECPs)
Drugs taken within 3 to 5 days after unprotected intercourse to prevent pregnancy
Abortion
Termination of pregnancy by expulsion or removal of embryo or fetus from uterus
Suction Curettage
Abortion technique that uses gentle suction to remove fetal tissue from the uterus; also called vacuum aspiration or dilation and curettage
Dilation and Evacuation (D&E)
Abortion technique that uses a combination of instruments and vacuum aspiration
Intact Dilation and Extraction
Late-term abortion procedure in which the body of the fetus is extracted up to the head and then the contents of the cranium are aspirated
Medical Abortion
Termination of a pregnancy during the 1st 9 weeks using hormonal medications that cause embryo to be expelled from uterus
