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JMU Tests and Quizzes > HTH 100 Ch. 16 > Flashcards

HTH 100 Ch. 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular disease (CVD)

A

Disease of the heart and blood vessels

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2
Q

Ideal Cardiovascular Health (ICH)

A

The absence of clinical indicators of CVD and the presence of certain favorable behavioral and health factor metrics

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3
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Organ system, consisting of the heart and blood vessels, that transports nutrients, oxygen, hormones, metabolic wastes, and enzymes throughout the body

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4
Q

Atria (Singular: Atrium)

A

The heart’s two upper chambers, which receive blood

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5
Q

Ventricles

A

The heart’s two lower chambers, which pump blood through the blood vessels

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6
Q

Arteries

A

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart to other regions of the body

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7
Q

Arterioles

A

Branches of the arteries

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8
Q

Capillaries

A

Minute blood vessels that branch out from the arterioles and venules, their thin walls permit exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waster products among body cells

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9
Q

Veins

A

Vessels that carry blood back to the heart from other regions of the body

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10
Q

Venules

A

Branches of the veins

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11
Q

Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)

A

Cluster of electric pulse-generating cells that serves as a natural pacemaker for the heart

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12
Q

Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD)

A

An abrupt, profound loss of heart function (cardiac arrest) that causes death either instantly or shortly after symptoms occur

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13
Q

Hypertension

A

Sustained elevated blood pressure

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14
Q

Resistant Hypertension

A

A from of HBP that is difficult to control and may require three or more different classes of antihypertensive drugs to begin to control blood pressure

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15
Q

Systolic Blood Pressure

A

The upper number in the fraction that measures blood pressure, indicating pressure on the walls of the arteries then the heart contracts

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16
Q

Diastolic Blood Pressure

A

The lower number in the fraction that measures blood pressure, indicating pressure on the walls of the arteries during the relaxation phase of heart activity

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17
Q

Prehypertensive

A

Blood pressure is above normal, but not yet in the hypertensive range

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18
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

A general term for thickening and hardening of the arteries

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19
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Condition characterized by deposits of fatty substances (plaque) in the inner lining of an artery

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20
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

Abnormally high blood levels of lipids, which are non-water-soluble molecules, such as fat and cholesterol

21
Q

Plaque

A

Buildup of deposits in the arteries

22
Q

Ischemia

A

Reduced oxygen supply to a body part of organ

23
Q

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

A

Atherosclerosis occurring in the lower extremities, such as the feet, calves, legs, or in the arms

24
Q

Ankle-Breaking Index (ABI)

A

Test in which a measure of blood pressure in your feet is compared to blood pressure in your arm to determine blood flow

25
Q

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

A

A narrowing of the small blood vessels that supply blood

26
Q

Myocardial Infarction (MI; Heart Attack)

A

A blockage of normal blood supply to an area in the heart

27
Q

Coronary Thrombosis

A

A clot or an atherosclerosis narrowing that blocks a coronary artery

28
Q

Thrombus

A

A clot or blockage in the blood vessels

29
Q

Embolus

A

When a clot becomes dislodges and moves through the circulatory system

30
Q

Arrhythmia

A

An irregularity in heartbeat

31
Q

Fibrillation

A

A sporadic, quivering pattern of heartbeat that results in extreme inefficiency in moving blood through the cardiovascular system

32
Q

Angina Pectoris

A

Chest pain occurring as a result of reduced oxygen flow to the heart

33
Q

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

A

An abnormal cardiovascular condition that reflects impaired cardiac pumping and blood flow; pooling blood leads to congestion in body tissues

34
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Damage to heart muscle

35
Q

Congenital Cardiovascular Defect

A

Cardiovascular problem that is present at birth

36
Q

Rheumatic Heart Disease

A

A heart disease caused by untreated streptococcal infection of the throat

37
Q

Stroke

A

A condition occurring when the brain is damaged by disrupted blood supply; also called cerebrovascular accident

38
Q

Aneurysm

A

A weakened blood vessel that may bulge under pressure and, sever cases, burst

39
Q

Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAs)

A

Brief interruption of the blood supply to the brain that causes to the brain that causes only temporary impairment; often an indicator of impending major stroke

40
Q

Cardiometabolic Risks

A

Risk factors that impact both the cardiovascular system and the body’s biochemical metabolic processes

41
Q

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS)

A

A group of metabolic conditions occurring together that increases a person’s risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes

42
Q

Plant Sterols

A

Essential components of plant membranes that, when consumed in the diet, appear to help lower cholesterol levels

43
Q

C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

A

A protein whose blood levels rise in response to inflammation

44
Q

Homocysteine

A

An amino acid normally present in the blood that, when found at high levels, may be related to higher risk of cardiovascular disease

45
Q

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

A

A record of the electrical activity of the heart; may be measured during a stress test

46
Q

Angiography

A

A technique for examining blockages in heart arteries

47
Q

Coronary Bypass Surgery

A

A surgical technique whereby a blood vessel taken from another part of the body is implanted to bypass a clogged coronary artery

48
Q

Angioplasty

A

A technique in which a catheter with a balloon at the tip is inserted into a clogged artery; the balloon is inflated to flatten fatty deposits against artery walls and a stent is typically inserted to keep the artery open

49
Q

Thrombolysis

A

Injection of an agent to dissolve clots and restore some blood flow, thereby reducing the amount of tissue that dies from ischemia

JMU Tests and Quizzes (47 decks)

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