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MCAT > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Pineal Gland Hormones

A

Melatonin

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2
Q

Melatonin

A

Induces sleep

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3
Q

Thymus Gland Hormones

A

Thymosin

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4
Q

Thymosin

A

Stimulates T-cell Development

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5
Q

Thyroid Gland Hormones

A

T3 Triiodothyronine
T4 Tetraiodothyronine
Calcitonin

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6
Q

T3 & T4

A

Increase basal metabolic rate

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7
Q

Calcitonin

A

Causes the modeling of bone and decreases Ca levels in the blood

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8
Q

Parathyroid Gland Hormones

A

PTH

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9
Q

PTH

A

Causes the resorption of bone and increases Ca levels in the blood

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10
Q

Adrenal Cortex Hormones

A

Cortisol

Sex steroids

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11
Q

Cortisol

A

Responds to stress long-term, increases blood glucose, protein catabolism, decreases inflammation

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12
Q

Adrenal Medulla Hormones

A

Epinephrine

Aldosterone

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13
Q

Epinephrine

A

Rapid sympathetic stress response

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14
Q

Aldosterone

A

Increases sodium reabsorption to increase BP

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15
Q

Pancreas Hormones

A

Glucagon (alpha cells)
Insulin (beta cells)
Somatostatin (delta cells)

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16
Q

Glucagon

A

Results in an increase in blood glucose and decrease in glycogen and fat storage

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17
Q

Insulin

A

Results in a decrease in blood glucose and increase in glycogen and fat storage;

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18
Q

Somatostatin

A

Inhibits glucagon and insulin secretion

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19
Q

Ovarian Hormones

A

Estrogen

Progesterone

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20
Q

Estrogen

A

Develops secondary sexual characteristics

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21
Q

Progesterone

A

Develops the endometrium

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22
Q

Testicular Hormones

A

Testosterone

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23
Q

Testosterone

A

Develops secondary sexual characteristics

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24
Q

Anterior Pituitary Hormones

A 
Growth Hormone
Prolactin
TSH
ACTH
LH
FSH
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25
Q

Growth Hormone

A

Increases bone and muscle growth, increases basal metabolic rate

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26
Q

Prolactin

A

Milk production

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27
Q

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

A

Increases synthesis and release of thyroid hormone

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28
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

A

Increases growth and secretory activity of adrenal cortex

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29
Q

Luteinizing Hormone

A

Ovulation or Testosterone synthesis

30
Q

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone

A

Follicle development or spermatogenesis

31
Q

Posterior Pituitary Hormones

A

ADH

Oxytocin

32
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone

A

Water retention

33
Q

Oxytocin

A

Milk letdown and uterine contractions

34
Q

Heart Hormones

A

Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)

35
Q

Atrial Natriuretic Factor

A

Increases urination to decrease BP

36
Q

Kidney Hormones

A

Erythropoietin (acts on bone marrow)

37
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Increases RBC synthesis

38
Q

Hypothalamus Hormones

[Hypothalamic-adenohypophyseal axis]

A 
Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone
Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone
Corticotropin-releasing Hormone
Somatostatin
Dopamine
39
Q

Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone

[Target: Thyroid]

A

Stimulates the release of TSH & Prolactin

40
Q

Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone

[Target: Adrenal Cortex]

A

Stimulate the release of ACTH

41
Q

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone

[Target: Gonads]

A

Stimulate the release of FSH and LH

42
Q

Dopamine

[Target: Breast Tissue]

A

Inhibit prolactin release;

*Decrease in dopamine promotes prolactin secretion

43
Q

Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone

A

Stimulates the release of TSH & Prolactin

44
Q

Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone

A

Stimulate the release of ACTH

45
Q

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone

A

Stimulate the release of FSH and LH

46
Q

Dopamine

A

Inhibit prolactin release; decrease in dopamine promotes prolactin secretion

47
Q

Dopamine

A

Inhibit prolactin release

48
Q

Somatostatin

A

Inhibit GH, TSH

49
Q

Hypothalamus Hormones

[Hypothalamic-Neurohypophyseal Axis]

A

Oxytocin

Vasopressin

50
Q

Oxytocin

A

Uterine contraction and lactation (letdown)

51
Q

Vasopressin (ADH)

A

Increases the permeability to water of the distal tubule and collecting duct; increases water reabsorption and excretion of concentrated urine

52
Q

Secretin

A

Regulates water homeostasis

53
Q

Cholecystokinin

A

Stimulates digestion of fat and proteins

54
Q

Ghrelin

A

Regulates hunger and energy usage

55
Q

Leptin

A

Inhibits hunger and energy balance

56
Q

Gastrin

A

Cleaves large proteins into smaller peptides

57
Q

Trophic Hormones

A

Has a growth effect on the tissues they stimulate

58
Q

Tropic Hormones

A

Have other endocrine glands as their target

59
Q

Hormone Chemical Precursor

A

Peptide: Amino Acids/Polypeptides
Steroid: Cholesterol

60
Q

Hormone Location of Receptor

A

Peptide: Extracellular
Steroid: Intracellular or Intranuclear

61
Q

Hormone Mechanism of Action

A

Peptide: Stimulates an extracellular receptor affecting levels of a second messenger [cAMP]; initiates signal cascade

Steroid: Binds to a receptor, induces conformational changes and regulates transcription at the level of DNA

62
Q

Hormone Method of Travel in Bloodstream

A

Peptide: Dissolves & travels freely

Steroid: Binds to a carrier protein

63
Q

Hormone Rapidness of Onset

A

Peptide: Quick

Steroid: Slow

64
Q

Hormone Duration of Action

A

Peptide: Short-lived

Steroid: Long-lived

65
Q

Hormone Duration of Action

A

Peptide: Short-lived

Steroid: Long-lived

66
Q

Parafollicular Cells

A

Calcitonin

67
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

Catecholamines includes Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

68
Q

Pancreatic Alpha Cells

A

Glucagon

69
Q

Pancreatic Beta Cells

A

Insulin

70
Q

Pancreatic Delta Cells

A

Somatostatin

71
Q

Posterior Pituitary

A

ADH/Vasopressin

Oxytocin

72
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A

Aldosterone (Mineralocorticoids)

MCAT (31 decks)

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