AAMC Bio QPack Review Flashcards
Conjugation
Occurs in Gram-Negative Bacteria, requires F factor that is on a extragenomic plasmid
Conjugation
Occurs in Gram-Negative Bacteria, requires F factor that is on a extragenomic plasmid
Transformation
Bacteria take up DNA from their surroundings in the the media in which they are immersed
Tranduction
Gene transfer by a virus
Translocation
Describes movement from one place to another (genes on chromosomes, proteins in cells, sap in a tree)
Translocation
Describes movement from one place to another (genes on chromosomes, proteins in cells, sap in a tree)
Negative Pressure
Accomplishes the inflation of the lungs; a pressure lower than atm pressure is generated within the alveolar sacs during contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
Negative Pressure
Accomplishes the inflation of the lungs; a pressure lower than atm pressure is generated within the alveolar sacs during contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
Control of heart rate, muscle coordination and appetite is maintained by
Brain Stem, Cerebellum and Hypothalamus
Pain-Perception Pathway
To add the sensation of pain to a reflex pathway, neurons must be added at the sensory end
Difference in Anaphase
Mitosis = sister chromatids are pulled apart at the centromeres, each becoming an independent chromosome
Meiosis I = homologous pairs of chromosomes are separated into the two daughter cells but they are still joined at the centromere
Difference in Anaphase
Mitosis = sister chromatids are pulled apart at the centromeres, each becoming an independent chromosome
Meiosis I = homologous pairs of chromosomes are separated into the two daughter cells but they are still joined at the centromere
Deleterious Genes
Those which are eliminated through natural selection
Type of Tissue that lines the Bowman
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Type of Tissue that lines the Bowman
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Increase in BP effect on the kidney
Increases the flow of fluid through the kidney and decrease water reabsorption
Increase in BP effect on the kidney
Increases the flow of fluid through the kidney and decrease water reabsorption
Two factors that normally determine the BP
Cardiac Output (stroke volume x heart rate) & Resistance to Blood flow
What is BP equal to?
Total peripheral resistance x cardiac output, analogous to ohm’s law
What is BP equal to?
Total peripheral resistance x cardiac output, analogous to ohm’s law
Vasoconstriction
Restricts blood flow to an organ and can increase BP whereas vasodilation has the opposite effect; important in a hemorrhage
Vasoconstriction
Restricts blood flow to an organ and can increase BP whereas vasodilation has the opposite effect; important in a hemorrhage
Functions of Liver
Absorption of fats in the small intestine, production of bile, detoxification of drugs/poisons
Functions of Liver
Absorption of fats in the small intestine, production of bile, detoxification of drugs/poisons
What can cross the walls of the blood vessels?
Water molecules and other small molecules; plasma proteins cannot
What can cross the walls of the blood vessels?
Water molecules and other small molecules; plasma proteins cannot
Edema
Increased fluid in body tissues can be due to decrease in plasma protein levels
Increase in the level of plasma protein causes
Fluid to enter the bloodstream due to influx of tissue fluid (which contains solutes)
Increase in the level of plasma protein causes
Fluid to enter the bloodstream due to influx of tissue fluid (which contains solutes)
Insufficient Vitamin D Activity
Reduces the ability of the body to absorb ingested calcium from the small intestine
Insufficient Vitamin D Activity
Reduces the ability of the body to absorb ingested calcium from the small intestine
What conditions lead to an increase in calcitonin levels?
High levels of calcium in the plasma
What conditions lead to an increase in calcitonin levels?
High levels of calcium in the plasma
What would be the result of removal of the parathyroid gland?
Severe neural and muscular problems due to deficiency of calcium in the plasma
Aldosterone Deficiency
Results in lower sodium reabsorption into the bloodstream; leading in decreased blood volume and this would also decrease blood pressure
Organs involved in the menstrual cycle
Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Ovary
Organs involved in the menstrual cycle
Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Ovary
Growth of long bones
Occurs via endochrondral ossification so there will be cartilaginous areas in long bones of children
Growth of long bones
Occurs via endochrondral ossification so there will be cartilaginous areas in long bones of children
Vasodilation (Method of heat transfer)
Radiation
