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MCAT > 8A: Self-identity > Flashcards

8A: Self-identity Flashcards

1
Q

Self Concept

A

Our idea of who we are

e.g. I am a student, intelligent etc.

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2
Q

Self Schema

A

Self-given label that carries a set of qualities

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3
Q

Identity

A

Individual components of our self-concept

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4
Q

Aspects of Identity

A.D.R.R.E.S.S.I.N.G

A 
Age
Disability Status
Religion
Race
Ethnicity
Sexual Orientation
Socioeconomic Class
Indigenous Background
National Origin
Gender
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5
Q

Gender Identity

A

Self appraisals on scales of masculinity and femininity; not tied to biological sex or sexual orientation

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6
Q

Ethnic Identity

A

Ones ethnic group

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7
Q

National Identity

A

Based on political borders; result of shared history, media, cuisine etc.

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8
Q

Hierarchy of Salience

A

We let the situation we are in dictate which identity holds the most importance for us at any given moment

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9
Q

Self-Discrepancy Theory

A

Maintains that each of us has three selves (ACTUAL, IDEAL AND OUGHT) and generally, the closer that the three selves are to each other, the higher our self-esteem/self-worth will be

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10
Q

Actual Self

A

The way we see ourselves as we currently are; made up by our self-concept

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11
Q

Ideal Self

A

The person we would like to be

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12
Q

Ought Self

A

Our representation of the way others think we should be

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13
Q

Self-Esteem

A

Measure of how we feel about ourselves

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14
Q

Self-Efficacy

A

Our belief in our ability to suceed

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15
Q

Locus of Control

A

Extent to which one believes they can control events affecting them

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16
Q

Internal Locus of Control

A

The belief that one has control over what happens around them and the outcome of their own efforts and actions

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17
Q

Characteristics of Internal LOC

A

Taking responsibility for ones own actions, less likely to be influenced by what others think, they work

18
Q

External Locus of Control

A

The belief that one has no control over what happens around them and that things are controlled by outside forces

19
Q

Characteristics of External LOC

A

Blame external sources, credit any success to luck and feel hopeless in difficult situations

20
Q

Self-Reference Effect

A

Tendency to better remember information relevant to ourselves

21
Q

Learned Helplessness

A

When people learn not to act because they believe it will not affect the outcome anyway - leads them to remain helpless even in situations where they can exert control

22
Q

An obese patient doesn’t try to lose weight because their parents were also obese and died at a young age, leading the patient to believe that its “in their genes” and they’re destined to end up the same way; what is this an example of?

A

Learned Helplessness

23
Q

What are the theories for formation of identity? (Psychologist + Name)

A

Freud - Psychosexual
Erikson - Psychosocial
Kohlberg - Moral Reasoning
Vygotsky - Biosocial

24
Q

5 Psychosexual Development Stages and the ages associated with them

A
  1. Oral (Birth to 1)
  2. Anal (1 to 3)
  3. Oedipal (3 to 5)
  4. Latency (5 to 12)
  5. Genital (13+)
25
Q

Oral Stage

A

Gratification is obtained through putting objects into their mouth

26
Q

Anal Stage

A

Gratification is obtained through elimination and retention of waste

27
Q

Oedipal Stage (Males)

A

Envy fathers relationship with mother, fears castration, establishes sexual identity by identifying with his father

28
Q

Oedipal Stage (Female)

A

Girls experience penis envy, expected to exhibit less stereotypically female behavior

29
Q

8 Psychosocial Development Stages

A
  1. Trust vs. Mistrust
  2. Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
  3. Initiative vs. Guilt
  4. Industry vs. Inferiority
  5. Identity vs. Role Confusion
  6. Intimacy vs. Isolation
  7. Generativity vs. Stagnation
  8. Integrity vs. Despair
30
Q

3 Categories of Moral Reasoning

A
  1. Preconventional Morality
  2. Conventional Morality
  3. Postconventional Morality
31
Q

6 Stages of Moral Reasoning

A
  1. Obedience
  2. Self Interest
  3. Conformity
  4. Law & Order
  5. Social Contract
  6. Universal Human Ethics
32
Q

Biosocial Development

A

Suggests that the driving force for cognitive development was the child’s internalization of various aspects of the culture: rules, symbols, language etc.; as they are internalized, cognitive abilities develop accordingly

33
Q

Zone of Proximal Development

A

Those skills and abilities that have not yet fully developed but are in the process of development; gaining these skills successfully requires the help of a more knowledgeable other

34
Q

How do individuals influence identity?

A

Through imitation, role-taking

35
Q

Looking-Glass Self

A

The idea that a persons sense of self develops from interpersonal interactions with others in society and the perception of others;

People shape their self-concepts based on their understanding of how others perceive them

36
Q

Imitation

A

Reproducing observed behaviors, involves mirror neurons

37
Q

Role-Taking

A

Social perception that involves understanding of other’s roles and their situation;

Learn to become aware of other peoples identity and perspectives that differ from their own

38
Q

Reference Group

A

A group that is socially compared to another group; it allows determination and evaluation of a given group

39
Q

Social Behaviorism

A

The idea that the mind and self emerge through the process of communicating with others

40
Q

Cultural Influence on Identity

A

Identity is influenced by different nationalities, language, sexuality, ethnicity, social class, generation or religion

41
Q

Socialization influence on Identity

A

A person observes, determines and evaluations other peoples identity and values; allows a culture to pass on its values from one generation to the next

MCAT (31 decks)

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