10A: Social inequality Flashcards
Residential Segregation
The idea that where one resides has a substantial effect on how people interact, cooperate and advance
Environmental Justice
Poor living conditions and dangerous environmental conditions can result in an increase in illness and disease. Poor and minority groups tend to reside closer to sites of environmental pollution
Social Class
A category of people who share similar socioeconomic position in society
Social Capital
Considered the investments people make in their society in return for economic or collective rewards
Social Stratification
A system that ranks members in hierarchy
Types of social inequality
Situational (socioeconomic) and Positional (connections)
Social Mobility
The degree to which one can move about class-wise in a society
Intergenerational Mobility
A change in social position that happens over multiple generations
Intragenerational Mobility
A change in social position that happens during one’s lifetime
Upward Mobility
A positive change in one’s personal status that results in a higher position
Downward Mobility
A negative change in one’s personal status that results in lower position
Meritocracy
Based on intellectual talent and achievement and is a means for a person to advance up the social ladder
Poverty
Low socioeconomic status and lack of possesions or financial resources
Social Reproduction
The idea that social inequalities can be reproduced from one generation to the next
Absolute Poverty
People do not have enough money or resources to maintain a quality of living that includes basic life necessities such as shelter, food, clothing and water.
Relative Poverty
When people are poor in comparison to the larger population in which they live.
Social Exclusion
Arise from the sense of powerlessness when poor individuals feel alienated from society; people are systemically blocked from normally available rights, opportunities and resources
What are healthcare disparities?
The idea that there is a difference between groups of people that affect one’s health
Waitzkin’s Second Sickness
The fact that health outcomes are exacerbated by social inequalities and social injustice. As a result, higher-income groups have longer life expectancies than lower-income groups.
Incidence
The number of new cases of an illness per population at risk in a given amount of time;
(new cases/population at risk)/time
Prevalence
Measure of the number of cases of an illness overall per population in a given amount of time;
(total cases/total population)/time
Morbidity
Burden or degree of illness associated with a given disease
Mortality
Deaths caused by a given disease
Health Profile of Low Income Groups
Overall worse health profile in terms of morbidity and mortality rates
