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MCAT > 8C: Social Interactions > Flashcards

8C: Social Interactions Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Status

A

Socially defined positions within a society

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2
Q

Types of Status

A

Master, Ascribed, Achieved

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3
Q

Master Status

A

Position that dominates

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4
Q

Ascribed Status

A

Position assigned to you by society regardless of effort

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5
Q

Achieved Status

A

Position that is earned

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6
Q

Role

A

Socially defined expectations about how a person will behave based on status

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7
Q

Role Conflict

A

When two or more statuses are held by an individual and there is conflict between the expectations for each

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8
Q

Role Strain

A

When you face conflicting expectations for a single role

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9
Q

Role Exit

A

When you transition from one role to another

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10
Q

Group

A

A collection of people that interact with one another

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11
Q

Primary Group

A

Small social group, close personal relationships, long lasting relationships; family/childhood friends

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12
Q

Secondary Group

A

Groups that someone chooses to be a part of, less personal, temporary, based on interest in activity; work groups

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13
Q

Networks

A

Web of social relationships; direct and indirect links to people; no hierarchy

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14
Q

Immediate Networks

A

Dense with strong ties to each other; friends

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15
Q

Distant Networks

A

Loose with weaker ties to each other; acquaintances

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16
Q

Organization

A

Large group of people w/ a common purpose, very complex, impersonal and lots of hierarchy

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17
Q

Types of Organizations

A

Utilitarian, Normative, Coercive

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18
Q

Utilitarian Organization

A

Members get paid for their efforts (jobs, businesses)

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19
Q

Normative Organization

A

Members are motivated by morally relevant goals (doctors without borders)

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20
Q

Coercive Organization

A

Members are forced to join (prison)

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21
Q

Bureaucracy

A

Rational system of political organization, administration, discipline and control; less efficient due to their slow changing nature

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22
Q

6 characteristics of a Bureaucracy

A 
Paid Officials
Officials with rights and privileges
Regular salary increases
Seniority rights
Promotion upon passing exams
Response for meeting demands
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23
Q

Iron Law of Oligarchy

A

Democratic or Bureaucratic systems naturally shift to being ruled by an elite group

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24
Q

Self-Presentation

A

The process of displaying oneself to society through culturally accepted behaviors; people use strategies to shape what others will think of them

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25
Q

Basic Model

A

There are universal emotion along with corresponding expressions which can be understood across culture

26
Q

Social Construction Model

A

Emotions are solely based on situational context of social interactions

27
Q

Display Rules

A

Unspoken rules that govern the expression of emotion

28
Q

Cultural Syndrome

A

A shared set of beliefs, norms, values and behaviors organized round a central theme

29
Q

How are emotions expressed and detected?

A

Through self-presentation, gender and culture

30
Q

Self-Presentation

A

The way people try to control or influence the perceptions of other people

31
Q

Gender Influence

A 
Masculinity = aggressive and tough
Femininity = ladylike and emotional
32
Q

Cultural Influence

A

Verbal expression, facial expression, non-verbal expressions

33
Q

Impression Management

Self-Presentation

A

Our attempts to influence how others perceive us

34
Q

The Authentic Self

A

Who the person actually is (positive and negative attributes)

35
Q

The Ideal Self

A

Who we would like to be under optimal circumstances

36
Q

The Tactical Self

A

Who we market ourselves to be when we adhere to others expectations of us

37
Q

Impression Management Strategies

A 
Self Disclosure
Managing Appearances
Ingratiation
Aligning Actions
Alter-casting
38
Q

Self Disclosure

A

Giving information about oneself to establish an identity

39
Q

Managing Appearances

A

Using appearance, emotional expression or associations to create a positive image

40
Q

Ingratiation

A

Using flattery or conforming to expectations to win someone over

41
Q

Aligning actions

A

Making questionable behavior acceptable through excuses

42
Q

Alter-casting

A

Imposing an identity onto another person

43
Q

Dramaturgical Perspective/Approach

A

We imagine ourselves as playing certain roles when interacting with others and as a result of that we have a front and back stage self

44
Q

Front Stage Self

A

We perform according to the setting, role and script in order to conform to the image we want others to see

45
Q

Back Stage Self

A

We let down our guard and be ourselves, when we are not being observed by an audience, without having to worry about ruining his performance

46
Q

Verbal Communication

A

Transmission of information via the used of words, whether spoken, written or signed.

47
Q

Nonverbal Communication

A

How people communicate, intentionally or unintentionally without words.

48
Q

Animal Communication

A

Any behavior of one animal that affects the behavior of another; body language,
rudimentary facial expressions (baring teeth in dogs),
visual displays (peacocks plumage),
scents (pheromones, skunks) and vocalization (bird calls, growling).

49
Q

Pheromones

A

Communication intraspecially (between members of the same species) and interspecially (between members of different species); they’re given off by members of a species to attract a mate. They can also be used to mark an animals territory or as a defense mechanism

50
Q

Altruism

A

Selflessness toward other people

51
Q

Game Theory

A

An attempt to explain decision-making behavior; game payoff refers to fitness

52
Q

Discrimination

A

A specific way of acting toward a group or its members; it’s a specific type of behavior

53
Q

Individual Discrimination

A

When an individual treats another person/group negatively and different from others; involves exclusion or restriction of others

54
Q

Institutional Discrimination

A

When a legal system, government, corporation, school or some other institution intentionally differentiate members of a group

55
Q

What is the relationship between prejudice & discrimination?

A

They employ a circular relationship - one leads to the other

56
Q

Which process is the result of behavior?
A. Stereotyping
B. Prejudice
C. Discrimination

A

C

57
Q

Which process is the result of attitude?
A. Stereotyping
B. Prejudice
C. Discrimination

A

B

58
Q

What is Illusory Correlation?

A

When a relationship is perceived between variables evven when no such relationship exists

59
Q

What is Gemeinschaft?

A

A group unified by feelings of togetherness due to shared beliefs, ancestry or geography
e.g. Family

60
Q

What is Gesellschaft?

A

A group unified by mutual self interest in achieving a goal

e.g. Company

61
Q

What is Groupthink?

A

It is when the desire for harmony or conformity in the group results in a consensual perspective without much though or alternative viewpoints

62
Q

How does the groupthink phenomenon affect the group?

A

The members begin to focus solely on ideas generated within the group while ignoring outside ideas

MCAT (31 decks)

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