HOLZEL ET AL KEY WORDS Flashcards
Localisation of brain function
The idea that certain functions have certain locations within the brain.
Brain plasticity
The ability of the NS to change its activity. In response to external or internal stimuli. By reorganising it’s structure, functions, connections.
Hippocampus
Part of the brains limbic system. Involved in memory learning and emotion. Memory- It holds STM and transfers them to long term storage. Emotions- plays a role in emotional processing.
MRI
Non invasive neuro-imaging technology. That produces
3 dimensional detailed anatomical images.
Grey matter
Tissue in the brain and spinal cord. Allows individuals to control movement, memory and emotions.
Longitudinal study design
Employs continuous/repeated measures to follow particular individuals over prolonged periods often years decades.
Mindfulness
A formalised meditation practice. That focuses on non judgmental awareness of the present moment
Brain lateralisation
The relegation of cognitive processes to different regions in the brain. (Left/right hemisphere)
Psychology being investigated
- Mindfulness meditation
- Localisation of brain function
- Neuroplasticity
Psychology being investigated
Localisation of function
Localisation can be investigated with brain scanning techniques. Conclusions can be made between the relationship between
behaviours, cognition with structure + function of the brain. The hippocampus and insula have localised functions.
What type of brain scans are used to study localisation?
Structural- Takes detailed pictures of the brain (MRI)
Functional- scans the brains activity levels in different areas. (FMRI)
FMRI - functional magnetic resonance imaging
Neuro- imaging technique that measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow.
The hippopotamus (localised function)
Part of the brains limbic system. Associated with memory, learning and emotions.
1. Memory: concerts STM into LTM storage
2. Emotions: emotional processing/arousal and responsiveness of the cortex.
The insula (localised function)
Enables perception of pain, awareness of the body and self.
Psychology being investigated Neuroplasticity
The study hypothesis that mindfulness can lead to changes in brain structures. As the brain is malleable, can be shaped by experiences such as mediation.
Psychology being investigated (mindfulness)
Mindfulness can improve mental health and cognitive functioning, theorised to induce changes in specific area of the brain.
Background-
Mindfulness
MRIs
Cross sectional vs longitudinal studies
Aim of the study
Investigate the potential LTE of a (mindfulness based) stress reduction program. On brain grey matter density. Before and after a mindfulness course.
Sample
Opportunity sample
How was the smaller recruited?
Recruited from MBSR courses. To learn stress reductions or doctor refferal.
Sample- details
Mentally and physically healthy (not taking med)
Limited experiences of meditation classes
All fit to have MRIs (non claustrophobic/metal)
All committed to attend sessions/complete HW
Age range of ppts
22-55
Method
Experiment using a longitudinal design as a group of ppts was tested pre and post interventions.
IV
Exposure to an 8 week course
DV
Any changes in grey matter
Data collection
FMRIs/questionnaire
Sample -control group
17 ppts
Mean age 39.0
Similar
Educated
Sample- experimental
16 ppts
Mean age= 38.0
13 whites, 1 Asian, AA, multi ethnic
Educated
