Evaluation- Pozullo Flashcards
Name all the strengths of the study.
- Internal validity
- Standardised procedures
- Use of balancing and randomisation.
Name all the weaknesses of the study.
- Ecological validity
- Limited age range and demographics
- Differences in procedures
STRENGTH: Experimental controls (increasing internal validity)
As the study was a lab experiment, the study could implement many controls to increase validity. All the videos were 6 seconds long, the photos were black and white. The videos and photo arrays were shown on 13 inch laptop screens. This increases internal validity as researchers have ensured differences between experimental groups are due to the IVS and not extraneous variables.
STRENGTHS: The use of standardised procedures
The study used many standardised procedures to establish reliability. The target-present line ups always consisted of 3 foils, and target-absent 4 foils. Every line up contained a blank silhouette. Every ppt watched 4 videos which was followed by a line up task. This means the study has high reliability, ensuring it can be replicated by other researchers to establish reliability. Standardised procedures also reduces the chances of systematic errors arising from variations in how data is collected, enhances comparability.
STRENGTHS: Counterbalancing and randomisation
The position of the target in the line ups were randomised. In the target-absent lineups the 4th foil was located in the same position as the original target (counterbalancing). This reduces potential order effects, the ppts could be reacting to a pattern or improving their performance with time. This enhances the internal validity of the study.
Weaknesses: Low ecological validity and mundane realism.
The procedure involved showing video clips followed up by a line up task which may not replicate the complexities and stressor of real world eye witness situations. The emotional experience would have been different as emotional factors would influence social effects.
Weaknesses: Limited age range and demographics
The study focused on a specific age group of children (4-7 years old) which limits the generalisability of the findings to other age groups. As Development differences in memory and suggestibility vary across age ranges.
The children also had private school background and the adults were recruited from the IPPP.
Weakness: Differences in procedures.
Adults were told that the experiment was on memory and the children were told it was a project on TV shows this could had different effects on recall. The children pointed, the adults wrote in paper, which could have resulted in differences.
This makes it difficult to establish a causal relationship between the IV and the observed outcome. This also makes it harder for other researchers to replicate the study and establish its reliability.
What would the real world application be?
Children aren’t reliable witnesses, demonstrated in their false Spotify results. So the legal system could dismiss children as reliable witnesses.
Measure to improve the reliability of a child witness information and reduce social pressure can be investigated.
(Criminal justice system- the way children are questioned)
Situation and individual explanations.
Poor performance of children witnesses in target-absent line ups was due to social demands. There’s no individual explanations like differences in cognitions (memory).
Standardised procedures reduce…
The chances of systematic errors that could potentially arise from variation in how Rasta is collected.
Standardised procedures enhance the….
Comparability of results within a study, leading to more reliable conclusions
Name the controls the study used.
All the videos were 6 seconds long, the photos were black and white. The videos and photo arrays were shown on 13 inch laptop screens
Name the standardised procedures used in the experiment?
The target-present line ups always consisted of 3 foils, and target-absent 4 foils. Every line up contained a blank silhouette. Every ppt watched 4 videos which was followed by a line up task.
What examples of counterbalancing were there?
The position of the target in the line ups were randomised.
