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psychology-core studies > DEMENT AND KLEITMAN (PSYCH) > Flashcards

DEMENT AND KLEITMAN (PSYCH) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the aim of the study?

A

To investigate the relationship between eye movements and dreaming.

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2
Q

What is the aim of the study? (Specific)

A
  1. Investigate whether dream recall differs between REM and NREM sleep stages.
  2. Is there a positive correlation between estimated dream duration and REM duration.
  3. Are eye movements related to dream content.
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3
Q

Is sleep an active or passive behaviour?

A

Active

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4
Q

Name 3 effects of sleep deprivation

A

Logic/reasoning abilities affected
Difficulty concentrating
Memory problems

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5
Q

Why do we sleep according to evolutionary theory?

A

Energy conservation/predator avoidance thus increases survival chances.

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6
Q

Why do we sleep according to cognitive theory?

A

The brain processes and consolidates info acquired during the day transforming info into LTM.

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7
Q

Why do we sleep according to restoration theory?

A

The Brain restores and repairs itself (growth hormones released, muscle tissues repair)

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8
Q

Why do we dream according to psychodynamic theory?

A

We gain access to the subconscious.
We dream to fulfil wishes.
Dreams symbolise repressed fantasies.

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9
Q

Why do we dream according to cognitive info theories?

A

As our brain deals with a multitude of info and memories throughout the day, our brain creates images and narratives to manage and make sense of this activity.

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10
Q

Why do we dream according to the activation synthesis model (biological) ?

A

During REM sleep
Circuits in the brain are activated causing certain area of the brain to become active associated with emotions and memories.

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11
Q

What is the circadian body rhythm?

A

The 24 hour internal clock in the brain that regulates cycles of alertness and sleepiness.

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12
Q

What is The ultradian body rhythm?

A

Biological rhythms that occur within a period shorter than 24 hours. The sleep cycle is an example of the UBR, as repeats roughly every 90 mins and controls sleep stages.

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13
Q

What is REM sleep?

A

The sleep stage that occurs every 90 minutes associated with the presence of desynchronised brain wave activity, muscle atonia and bursts of rapid eye movements.

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14
Q

REM sleep is associated with various physiological changes in the body. What are they?

A

-Rapid eye movements
- Increased heart rate
-Skeletal muscles relax (paralysis)
- Brian waves are fast
(lots of brain activity)

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15
Q

Sleep stages

A

Stage 1: Transition from alertness to sleep (NREM)
Stage 2: Light sleep/ brain wave activity slows (NREM)
Stage 3: Deep sleep (NREM)
Stage 4: REM

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16
Q

Sleep stage 4 : REM Sleep

A

Associated with many physiological changes and a tendency to dream
After REM sleep finishes the sleep cycle starts again

17
Q

How do we objectively measure sleep?

A

1) EEG- records brain activity/waves
2) EMG- Records muscle activity.
3) EOG- records eye activity
(Frequency/direction of eye movement)

Subjective
4) Self report- waking sleeper and asking them about their dreams

18
Q

Why is sleep difficulty to study?

A

The ppt is non responsive and cannot communicate their experience, thus EEGs are used as each sleep stage is associated with different brain activity

19
Q

How do brain waves changes on EEG records?

A

Frequency: how rapidly they occur
Amplitude: Height of waves
(stage4-High amplitude)

20
Q

Background to the study: Aserinsky and Kleitman (1955)

A

Used EEG to explore the relationship between sleep and dreaming.

Found that ppts awoken during REM sleep could report more vivid dreams that those awoken in nREM sleep.

Also found specific brainwave activity that occurs in REM sleep (alpha waves)

Also found it was possible (using EOG) to detect whether the eyes were moving horizontally/vertically.

21
Q

Summarise the psychology being investigated (sleep)

A

Sleep
Dreaming
Ultradian rhythms

22
Q

NREM SLEEP

A

Non REM sleep

23
Q

EEG (Electro/en/cephalogram)

A

A non invasive neuro-imaging technique. That measures electrical activity in the brain. Using electrodes attached to the scalp.

24
Q

EEG (electro/oculo/graphy)

A

A medical technique use to measure the resting potential of the retina.

25
Q

Psychology being investigated (dreaming)

A

Understand the nature of dreams and how they can be physiological indicated by rapid eye movements and whether they relate to dream content/duration

26
Q

Psychology being investigated (ultradian rhythm)

A

Focuses on ultradian rhythms in the context of sleep and the critical role they play in the structure/quality of sleep/dreaming

27
Q

Why are EEGS used to study sleep?

A

each sleep stage is associated with different brain activity

psychology-core studies (32 decks)

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