HIS LESSON 12-PART 1 Flashcards
What is the alternate spelling for nuremberg?
Nuernberg
Germany’s National Socialist Party (Nazi Party)
Nuremberg code
12 Million Jews – “Sub-humans” or “Undesirables”
Nuremberg Code
the Holocaust
Nurember Gode
-Euthanasia
-Sterilization of mentally and physically handicapped
people
-”Useless eaters” (unnützen Esser)
-“Unworthy of life” (lebensunwerten Lebens or
Lebensunwerts)
the holocaust
a town in germany
nurnberg
known as germany’s national socialist party and had controlled much of germany and europe
nazi’s party
mostly Jews, Poles,
Romani, Gypsies, Eastern Europeans and others
regarded by the Nazi’s as sub-humans or
undesirables were systematically murdered in what
is now referred to as the?
holocaust
Much to the shame of the Medical Profession in
Germany at that time, they cooperated in
performing crimes such as euthanasia, sterilization
of mentally and physically handicapped people
referred to as?
useless eaters and unworthy of life
Permission or consent was _______ fully obtained
never
obtained alternative to death or promise of
release
permission
Nuremberg, medical trial, code of conduct, which later became known as
The Nuremberg Code
A large number of medical and biological experiments
were conducted on?
concentration camp inmates
for the medical experiments was
almost never obtained from the inmates.
Permission or consent
In short, those victims were _______ to participate in those
heinous medical experiments. _____ of the surviving
victims was ever released by their captors, nor were any
death sentences commuted.
forced; none
Ironically, many of the experiments would have been
_______ if it had been performed or conducted on ______
as the Nazi’s had introduced strict laws governing the use
of animals in medical experiments. This is not surprising if
you remember that they value the undesirables less than
animals.
illegal; animals
At the Nürnberg medical trial, a code of conduct, which
later became known as _______________ was
presented. The Nuremberg code was in direct response to
the medical crimes. The code emphasized the need for?
“The Nuremberg Code”; experimental subjects voluntary consent to theexperiment, regard for their safety, including mental suffering, balance of risks, and the right to withdraw
from the experiment if they wish.
In addition, the code noted that the responsibility for
performing the experiment lay with a qualified medical
experimenter and this responsibility ____________________.
could not be easily transferred.
As the prosecution at Nuremberg Code has noted, the
medical professionals who had performed these
procedures had ________a basic medical principle of “First,
do no harm,” otherwise known as?
violated; the primum non nocere
- World Medical Association (WMA)
- Current Version adopted in Fortaleza, Brazil
- Human subject’s safety
- Consent
- Risks
- Right of Withdrawal
- “Privacy of research subjects and the confidentiality of their
personal information.”
Declaration of helsinki
the year where the World Medical Association drew up the first version of the Declaration of Helskinki.
1964
The idea of either allowing individuals to make their own
decisions in response to a particular societal contact or being
free from external influence or control.
Autonomy
“Electronic health records must maintain respect for
patient autonomy” This means?
This means we have to respect certain
restrictions about the access, content, and ownership of
the patient records.
A _________ should be reached between the levels of
patient autonomy and quality of patient records.
compromise
- Means simply to do good
- Relates mostly to used storage data
Beneficence
- To do no harm
- Relates to how stored data is protected
non-maleficence
Information obtained by the healthcare professional must not
be shared UNLESS there is reason to believe that is in the
best interest of the patient.
Right to privacy
- There must be safeguards against excessive personal data
collection
Guard Against Excess
for the people not very educated they would
probably give the names right away without regard for
privacy since they trust you and assume it’s a normal part
of the interview. This means?
→ You are violating the patient’s privacy,
→ the privacy of other’s mentioned
→ And being inefficient because you are taking
longer than you should in an interview
- Maintain patient safety
- Prevent unauthorized access to it
- Should not impede the patient’s right to access that data
Security of Data
If the health care provider becomes aware of security
problems even those not under his/her direct control, the
responsible persons ______________
must be informed.
Ensure data are kept current and accurate
integrity of sata
Data cannot be presented in such a way that it presents
a _____________________________________________________ Aside from being current (up-to-date),
accurate, and correct it should be clear and
straightforward also.
false or inaccurate picture of reality or is design to
mislead either.
Generally, the patient should be aware of what is to happen
Informed consent
They know their in the hospital for laboratory test or
admission or procedure but in the medical world we still
have the responsibility to tell them in _____________________ as to what is about to happen
a straightforward manner
So when you interact with the patient you should be
_____________________________________________________ and the test and ask for verbal confirmation that they understand and that they give their consent.
courteous, introduce yourself and tell them about the
procedure
Patient awareness is considered to be complete only when?
the patient is informed
So even if they’re the ones who came in the laboratory or
the hospital for the test. If you don’t tell them what’s about
to happen then patient awareness is?
not considered to be complete.
So we have crucial aspects of informed consent?
- Competence of the subject to consent
- Disclosure of information
- The subjects understanding of the information being
disclosed - Volition or choice in consent
- Authorization of consent
For those who are minors the one authorized to give
consent would be?
their parents
In some specialcases with a patient who is not in the right state of mind or is unconscious you would have to?
have to find out who is the next of kin or has the power of attorney to make medical decisions for the patient.
- Awareness of the laws that apply
- Conflict between the law and professional ethics
Laws
- Subset of medical ethics
- All issues that apply to medical ethics in general, also apply to health informatics ethics
Health Information Ethics
- When necessary (i.e., further research, temporary of
permanent storage, data, transmission)
Sharing Data
- Ethical responsibilities to the employers and wider community regarding data protection and maintaining professional standard.
Wider responsibility
- Beneficial to the patient
- Provides no harm to the patient
- Implicit in all of these are principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence. This means that the ethics must be beneficial to the patient and must not be consciously aimed at preventing harm to the patient
Principles of Beneficence and Non-Maleficence
Any and all of your actions must not provide either
direct or indirect harm to the patient.
Non-Maleficence
provides benefits
Beneficence
