Hemostasis Related Disorders Flashcards
What disease?
Low platelet count
Thrombocytopenia
What is normal platelet count? What is platelet count in Thrombocytopenia?
Normal: 150,000 - 450,000
Thromobocytopenia: < 150,000
What platelet count are you at risk of post-traumatic bleeding?
< 50,000
What disease?
Caused by decreased production of platelets increased destruction of platelets
Thrombocytopenia
What are the 3 reasons for decreased production of platelets in Thrombocytopenia?
Bone marrow dysfunction (aplastic anemia, cancer)
Drug (alcohol, chemo)
HIV
What are the 2 reasons for increased destruction of platelets in Thrombocytopenia?
Autoimmune (ITP)
Non-immunologic
What disease?
Can also be caused by hypersplenism or multiple transfusions
Thrombocytopenia
What disease?
Caused by ABs against platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb/IIIa or Ib/IX complexes
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
What disease?
Most common in women aged 20-40
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
What disease?
Petechiae
Easy bruising
Epistaxis (nose bleed)
Gingival bleeding
Hemorrhage after minor trauma
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
What disease?
Diagnosed by lab test showing thrombocytopenia
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
What disease?
Tx is immunosuppressants or splenectomy
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
Why does a splenectomy treat Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)?
Spleen is the site of anti-platelet AB production
What disease?
Caused by deficiency of factor VIII
Hemophilia A
What is the inheritance of Hemophilia A and B?
X-linked recessive
What diseases?
Affects males more than females
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
What disease?
Easy bruising
Massive hemorrhage after trauma
Spontaneous bleeding into joints (hemarthrosis)
Hemophilia A
What diseases?
Diagnosed by prolonged Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Von Willebrand disease
What disease?
Tx is factor VIII infusions
Hemophilia A
What disease?
Caused by deficiency of factor IX
Hemophilia B
What disease?
Clinically indistinguishable from Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
What disease?
Tx is factor IX infusions
Hemophilia B
What disease?
Deficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor (vWF)
Von Willebrand disease
What is the inheritance of Von Willebrand disease?
Autosomal dominant
What disease?
Most common inherited bleeding disorder
Von Willebrand disease
What disease?
Can be mild
Mucosal bleeding
Easy brusing
Von Willebrand disease
What disease?
Tx is Desmopressin
Von Willebrand disease
What does Desmopressin do when treating Von Willebrand disease?
Increases vWF and factor VIII
What disease?
Caused by inadequate dietary intake, malabsorption, or inhibition by certain meds (warfarin)
Vitamin K deficiency
What disease?
Affects newborns, those who use ABs long-term, and those with malabsorption syndromes
Vitamin K deficiency
What disease?
Easy bruising
Prolonged bleeding
Hemorrhage in severe cases
Vitamin K deficiency
What disease?
Diagnosed by prolonged Prothrombin Time (PT)
Vitamin K deficiency
What disease?
Diagnosed by low levels of prothrombin, factor VII, IX, and X
Vitamin K deficiency
What clotting factors are vitamin K dependent?
Prothrombin
Factor VII, IX, X
What disease?
Tx is supplements and fresh frozen plasma
Vitamin K deficiency
What disease?
Caused by formation of blood clot in a vessel, endothelial injury, abnormal blood flow, and hypercoagulability
Thrombosis
What disease?
More common w/ increasing age and immobility, but can affect anyone
Thrombosis
What disease?
Clinical presentation depends on location of clot
Thrombosis
What disease?
Diagnosed by ultrasound, CT scan, ventilation perfusion scan
Thrombosis
What disease?
Tx is anticoagulant
Thrombosis
What disease?
Caused by numerous genetic and acquired factors
Hypercoagulable state
What disease?
Clinical presentation is recurrent thrombosis
Hypercoagulable state
What disease?
Diagnosed by genetic testing, antiphospholipid AB testing, elevated levels of procoagulant factors
Hypercoagulable state
What disease?
Tx is long term anticoagulation therapy and managing underlying condition
Hypercoagulable state
Genetic or acquired causes of Hypercoagulable state?
Mutations in factor V
Antithrombin III deficiency
Protein C or S deficiency
Fibrinolysis defect
Homocysteinemia
Allelic variations in prothrombin levels
Mutations in MTHF gene
Genetic
Genetic or acquired causes of Hypercoagulable state?
Prolonged bed rest/immobilization
Homocysteinemia
Tissue damage
Cancer
MI, prosthetic heart valves
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia
Antiphospholipid AB syndrome
Acquired
Genetic or acquired cause of Hypercoagulable state?
Homocysteineima
Both
What disease?
Caused by blood clot dislodging and traveling to obstruct a vessel
Embolism
T/F: An embolism can also occur with fat, air, and amniotic fluid
True
What disease?
Risk factors = DVT, surgery, trauma
Embolism
What disease?
SOB, chest pain, cough
Pulmonary embolism
What disease?
Sudden weakness/numbness on one side, difficulty speaking
Stroke
What disease?
Diagnosed by:
CT pulmonary angiography
MRI
CT
Echocardiography
Embolism
What disease has the following tx methods?
Anticoagulation therapy
Thrombolytic therapy
Surgical intervention
Embolism
