Clinical Radiology - Interpretation of Periapical Conditions Flashcards
Inflammatory conditions of apical periodontium of pulpal origin
Periapical inflammatory disease
Irreversible decomposition of the pulp
Pulp necrosis
Destruction of microvascular and lymph systems, and ultimately, nerve fibers
Pulp necrosis
Rigid dentin walls and lack of collateral circulation; inadequate drainage of inflammatory fluids -> increased pressure on tissues and progressive destruction until entire pulp is necrotized
Pulp necrosis
What are the 3 types of irritation of the pulp that can cause pulp necrosis?
Bacterial
Mechanical
Chemical
Can pulp necrosis be determined radiographically?
No
What conditions may indicate that pulp necrosis is likely present?
Deep restoration
Carious lesions
Fractures
Preserve a tooth by removed infected/damaged pulp; prevents or treats periapical inflammatory disease
Endo therapy
Steps of endo therapy
- Access
- Remove pulp tissues
- Shape, cleanse, decontaminate canals w/ files + irrigating solutions
- Fill canals w/ gutta percha
What are the 3 periapical lesions? Are they all treated the same way?
Abscess
Granuloma
Cyst
Yes, they are all treated the same way
Synonym for periapical lesion
Apical periodontitis
T/F: Periapical inflammatory disease can be acute or chronic, and asymptomatic or symptomatic
True
Bacteria and products of degradation can reach the periapical tissues
Pulp necrosis
In inflammation, there is an ___________ of bone metabolism
imbalance
Osteoblastic bone production is favored
Sclerosis (sclerosing osteitis)
Osteoclastic bone resorption is favored
Rarefaction (rarefying osteitis)
What are the 4 modulating factors of inflammation/the balance of bone metabolism?
Pathogenicity of microorganism
Host immune response
Tissue vascularity
Time
Periapical region of a tooth with pulp necrosis
Epicenter
Radiolucencies at inter-radicular bone are associated with what?
Accessory canal
T/F: Sometimes, a potential condition (like caries, deep restoration, or fracture) that leads to necrosis is NOT clear
True
How do you determine pulp necrosis?
Pulp vitality test
What is the result of pulp vitality test?
Necrosis
Negative
What is the result of pulp vitality test?
Vital
Positive
T/F: Early or acute periapical inflammatory disease may show no radiographic signs
True
What are early radiographic signs of periapical inflammatory disease?
Widening of PDL space
Loss of lamina dura
As the periapical lesion enlarges, bone rarefraction is observed. What does this look like?
Apical radiolucency
What does diffuse mean?
Poorly defined
Which are well-defined and which are diffuse?
Abscesses
Granulomas
Cysts
Abscesses = diffuse
Granulomas = well-defined
Cysts = well-defined + corticated
Periapical inflammatory diseases can have effects on surrounding tissues seen as peripheral areas of sclerosing osteitis. What does this look like on an X-Ray?
Radiopacity
Another name for peripheral areas of sclerosing osteitis
Condensing osteitis