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D2 Fall > Gen Path Exam 3 - Lab Tests for Anemia > Flashcards

Gen Path Exam 3 - Lab Tests for Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

Basic screening test and is one of the most frequently ordered laboratory procedures

A

CBC

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2
Q

The findings in the this test give valuable diagnostic information about the hematologic and other body systems, prognosis, response to treatment, and recovery

A

CBC

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3
Q

Consists of a series of blood cell tests that determine their:
* number
* variety
* percentage
* concentrations
* quality

A

CBC

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4
Q

3 main components of the CBC w/ differential

A

RBC count + indices
WBC count + differential
Platelet count

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5
Q

What can the normal values for a CBC be affected by?

A

Age
Sex
Race

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6
Q

Which cells are the largest cellular component of blood?

A

RBCs

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7
Q

Which red, iron-based protein is found in RBCs?

A

Hemoglobin

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8
Q

What does hemoglobin bind and transport?

A

O2
CO2

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9
Q

What does hemoglobin contain?

A

4 molecules of heme
4 molecules of globin

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10
Q

What does each molecule of heme contain?

A

1 iron ion

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11
Q

What does each molecule of globin contain?

A

2 alpha chains
2 beta chains

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12
Q

What is the normal shape of a RBC?

A

Biconcave disc

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13
Q

What does the biconcave shape of a RBC allow the RBC to do?

A

Increased SA for O2 and CO2 transfer
Bend/flex when entering small capillaries

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14
Q

What do mature RBCs lack?

A

Nucleus + most organelles

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15
Q

How long do RBCs live?

A

120 days

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16
Q

What organ removes RBCs?

A

Spleen

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17
Q

What do these conditions result in?

Polycythemia
Hemoconcentration (dehydration)

A

Increased RBC count
Increased hematocrit
Increased hemoglobin

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18
Q

What do these conditions result in?

Anemia
Bone marrow suppression/disease

A

Decreased RBC count
Decreased hematocrit
Decreased hemoglobin

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19
Q

What do these conditions result in?

Chronic or acute blood loss
Fluid overload

A

Decreased RBC count

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20
Q

Volume percentage of RBCs in whole blood

A

Hematocrit

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21
Q

Also known as packed cell volume or erythrocyte volume fraction

A

Hematocrit

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22
Q

RBC count x mean corpuscular cell volume (MCV) = ?

A

Hematocrit

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23
Q

What do these conditions result in?

Extreme physical exercise

A

Increased hematocrit
Increased hemoglobin

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24
Q

What do these conditions result in?

Hemodilution
Acute hemorrhage

A

Decreased hematocrit
Decreased hemoglobin

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25
Q

Amount of hemoglobin in a given volume of whole blood

A

Hemoglobin, total/whole blood

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26
Q

What do these conditions result in?

Hyperlipidemia

A

Increased hemoglobin

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27
Q

A hematocrit of < 20% leads to what?

A

Heat failure and death

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28
Q

A hematocrit of > 60% is associated with what?

A

Spontaneous clotting of blood

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29
Q

A hemoglobin value < 5.0 leads to what?

A

Heart failure and death

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30
Q

A hemoglobin value > 20 leads to what?

A

Hemoconcentration
Clogging of capillaries

31
Q

Average volume of RBCs

A

Mean corpuscular cell volume (MCV)

32
Q

What do these conditions result in?

Liver disease
Alcohol abuse
HIV/AIDS
Hemochromatosis
Megaloblastic anemias (folate, vitamin B 12 deficiencies) Myelodysplasia
Reticulocytosis
Chemotherapy
Post-splenectomy
Hypothyroidism
Newborns
Drugs (e.g., methotrexate, phenytoin, zidovudine)

A

Increased MCV

33
Q

What do these conditions result in?

Hereditary spherocytosis

A

Decreased MCV
Increased MCHC

34
Q

What do these conditions result in?

Iron deficiency
Thalassemia
Sideroblastic anemia
Lead poisoning
Anemias of chronic disease

A

Decreased MCV
Decreased MCH
Decreased MCHC

35
Q

Average amount of Hgb per RBC in absolute units

A

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)

36
Q

(Hgb/RBC count) x 10 = ?

A

MCH

37
Q

What do these conditions result in?

Macrocytosis
Hemochromatosis

A

Increased MCV
Increased MCH

38
Q

What can indicate if RBCs have a normal mean volume?

A

MCV

39
Q

MCV cannot indicate what?

A

If RBCs have a normal shape

40
Q

Characteristics related to RBC size

A

Normocyte
Microcyte
Macrocyte
Anisocytosis

41
Q

Characteristics related to RBC color

A

Normochromia
Hypochromia
Hyperchromia
Polychromia

42
Q

Acanthocyte

A

Spur shaped cell

43
Q

Codocyte/leptocyte

A

Target shaped cell

44
Q

Dacryocyte

A

Teardrop shaped cell

45
Q

Degmacyte

A

Bite shaped cell

46
Q

Drepanocyte

A

Sickle shaped cell

47
Q

Echinocyte

A

Burr shaped cell

48
Q

Elliptocyte

A

Ovalocyte shaped cell

49
Q

Knizocyte

A

Pinch bottle shaped cell

50
Q

Prekeratocyte

A

Blister shaped cell

51
Q

Schizocyte

A

Helmet shaped cell

52
Q

Average Hgb concentration in RBCs

A

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

53
Q

(Hgb/hematocrit) x 100 = ?

A

MCHC

54
Q

What do these conditions result in?

Immune hemolysis

A

Increased MCHC

55
Q

Falsely increased in cellular dehydration syndromes and hyperlipidemia

A

MCHC

56
Q

Falsely decreased with markedly high WBC
count

A

MCHC

57
Q

RBCs with normal size or volume

A

Normocytic

58
Q

RBCs with high MCV

A

Macrocytic

59
Q

RBCs with low MCV

A

Microcytic

60
Q

RBCs with normal amount of Hgb and MCHC

A

Normochromic

61
Q

RBCs with low MCHC

A

Hypochromic

62
Q

RBCs with high MCHC

A

Hyperchromic

63
Q

Measure the variation of RBC volume

A

Red cell distribution width (RDW)

64
Q

(Standard deviation of MCV/mean MCV) x 100 = ?

A

RDW

65
Q

Abnormally high RDW

A

Anisocytosis

66
Q

What do these conditions result in?

Certain types of anemia (iron deficiency, pernicious anemia, folic acid deficiency)
Sickle cell disease
Leukemia

A

RDW

67
Q

Immature RBCs that have cytoplasmic RNA

A

Reticulocytes

68
Q

Indication of how rapidly reticulocytes are produced by the bone marrow and then released into the bloodstream

A

Reticulocyte count

69
Q

Reflects the erythropoietic activity of the
bone marrow and is thus useful in both the diagnosis of anemias and in monitoring bone marrow response to therapy

A

Reticulocyte count

70
Q

Expressed as the % of reticulocytes per total number of RBCs counted

A

Reticulocyte count

71
Q

Increased reticulocytes

A

Reticulocytosis

72
Q

What do these conditions result in?

Hemolytic anemia
Acute blood loss

A

Increased reticulocytes

73
Q

Decreased reticulocytes

A

Reticulopenia

74
Q

What do these conditions result in?

Certain types of anemia
Renal disease
Bone marrow suppression or infiltration Myelodysplastic syndrome

A

Decreased reticulocytes

D2 Fall (45 decks)

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