Gen Path Exam 3 - Lab Tests for Anemia Flashcards
Basic screening test and is one of the most frequently ordered laboratory procedures
CBC
The findings in the this test give valuable diagnostic information about the hematologic and other body systems, prognosis, response to treatment, and recovery
CBC
Consists of a series of blood cell tests that determine their:
* number
* variety
* percentage
* concentrations
* quality
CBC
3 main components of the CBC w/ differential
RBC count + indices
WBC count + differential
Platelet count
What can the normal values for a CBC be affected by?
Age
Sex
Race
Which cells are the largest cellular component of blood?
RBCs
Which red, iron-based protein is found in RBCs?
Hemoglobin
What does hemoglobin bind and transport?
O2
CO2
What does hemoglobin contain?
4 molecules of heme
4 molecules of globin
What does each molecule of heme contain?
1 iron ion
What does each molecule of globin contain?
2 alpha chains
2 beta chains
What is the normal shape of a RBC?
Biconcave disc
What does the biconcave shape of a RBC allow the RBC to do?
Increased SA for O2 and CO2 transfer
Bend/flex when entering small capillaries
What do mature RBCs lack?
Nucleus + most organelles
How long do RBCs live?
120 days
What organ removes RBCs?
Spleen
What do these conditions result in?
Polycythemia
Hemoconcentration (dehydration)
Increased RBC count
Increased hematocrit
Increased hemoglobin
What do these conditions result in?
Anemia
Bone marrow suppression/disease
Decreased RBC count
Decreased hematocrit
Decreased hemoglobin
What do these conditions result in?
Chronic or acute blood loss
Fluid overload
Decreased RBC count
Volume percentage of RBCs in whole blood
Hematocrit
Also known as packed cell volume or erythrocyte volume fraction
Hematocrit
RBC count x mean corpuscular cell volume (MCV) = ?
Hematocrit
What do these conditions result in?
Extreme physical exercise
Increased hematocrit
Increased hemoglobin
What do these conditions result in?
Hemodilution
Acute hemorrhage
Decreased hematocrit
Decreased hemoglobin
Amount of hemoglobin in a given volume of whole blood
Hemoglobin, total/whole blood
What do these conditions result in?
Hyperlipidemia
Increased hemoglobin
A hematocrit of < 20% leads to what?
Heat failure and death
A hematocrit of > 60% is associated with what?
Spontaneous clotting of blood
A hemoglobin value < 5.0 leads to what?
Heart failure and death
A hemoglobin value > 20 leads to what?
Hemoconcentration
Clogging of capillaries
Average volume of RBCs
Mean corpuscular cell volume (MCV)
What do these conditions result in?
Liver disease
Alcohol abuse
HIV/AIDS
Hemochromatosis
Megaloblastic anemias (folate, vitamin B 12 deficiencies) Myelodysplasia
Reticulocytosis
Chemotherapy
Post-splenectomy
Hypothyroidism
Newborns
Drugs (e.g., methotrexate, phenytoin, zidovudine)
Increased MCV
What do these conditions result in?
Hereditary spherocytosis
Decreased MCV
Increased MCHC
What do these conditions result in?
Iron deficiency
Thalassemia
Sideroblastic anemia
Lead poisoning
Anemias of chronic disease
Decreased MCV
Decreased MCH
Decreased MCHC
Average amount of Hgb per RBC in absolute units
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)
(Hgb/RBC count) x 10 = ?
MCH
What do these conditions result in?
Macrocytosis
Hemochromatosis
Increased MCV
Increased MCH
What can indicate if RBCs have a normal mean volume?
MCV
MCV cannot indicate what?
If RBCs have a normal shape
Characteristics related to RBC size
Normocyte
Microcyte
Macrocyte
Anisocytosis
Characteristics related to RBC color
Normochromia
Hypochromia
Hyperchromia
Polychromia
Acanthocyte
Spur shaped cell
Codocyte/leptocyte
Target shaped cell
Dacryocyte
Teardrop shaped cell
Degmacyte
Bite shaped cell
Drepanocyte
Sickle shaped cell
Echinocyte
Burr shaped cell
Elliptocyte
Ovalocyte shaped cell
Knizocyte
Pinch bottle shaped cell
Prekeratocyte
Blister shaped cell
Schizocyte
Helmet shaped cell
Average Hgb concentration in RBCs
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
(Hgb/hematocrit) x 100 = ?
MCHC
What do these conditions result in?
Immune hemolysis
Increased MCHC
Falsely increased in cellular dehydration syndromes and hyperlipidemia
MCHC
Falsely decreased with markedly high WBC
count
MCHC
RBCs with normal size or volume
Normocytic
RBCs with high MCV
Macrocytic
RBCs with low MCV
Microcytic
RBCs with normal amount of Hgb and MCHC
Normochromic
RBCs with low MCHC
Hypochromic
RBCs with high MCHC
Hyperchromic
Measure the variation of RBC volume
Red cell distribution width (RDW)
(Standard deviation of MCV/mean MCV) x 100 = ?
RDW
Abnormally high RDW
Anisocytosis
What do these conditions result in?
Certain types of anemia (iron deficiency, pernicious anemia, folic acid deficiency)
Sickle cell disease
Leukemia
RDW
Immature RBCs that have cytoplasmic RNA
Reticulocytes
Indication of how rapidly reticulocytes are produced by the bone marrow and then released into the bloodstream
Reticulocyte count
Reflects the erythropoietic activity of the
bone marrow and is thus useful in both the diagnosis of anemias and in monitoring bone marrow response to therapy
Reticulocyte count
Expressed as the % of reticulocytes per total number of RBCs counted
Reticulocyte count
Increased reticulocytes
Reticulocytosis
What do these conditions result in?
Hemolytic anemia
Acute blood loss
Increased reticulocytes
Decreased reticulocytes
Reticulopenia
What do these conditions result in?
Certain types of anemia
Renal disease
Bone marrow suppression or infiltration Myelodysplastic syndrome
Decreased reticulocytes
