Gen Path Exam 3 - GI Pathology Flashcards
What type of disease?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Injury
What type of disease?
Barret esophagus
Injury
What type of disease?
Peptic ulcer disease
Injury
What type of disease?
H pylori gastritis
Infection
What type of disease?
Familial adenomatous polyposis
Developmental
What type of disease?
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
Developmental
What type of disease?
Celiac disease
Immune-mediated
What type of disease?
IBD - ulcerative colitis & Crohn’s
Immune-mediated
What type of disease?
Esophageal adenocarcinoma
Neoplasia
What type of disease?
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Neoplasia
What type of disease?
Gastric adenocarcinoma
Neoplasia
What type of disease?
Adenomatous polyp
Neoplasia
What type of disease?
Colorectal adenocarcinoma
Neoplasia
What type of disease?
Mallory-Weiss tears
Injury
What are the causes of Mallory-Weiss syndrome?
Esophageal lacerations
Induced by severe vomiting
Patients with which diseases are affected by Mallory-Weiss syndrome?
Bulimia
Alcoholism
What is the clinical presentation of Mallory-Weiss syndrome?
Painful hematemesis (vomiting blood)
Vomiting blood
Hematemesis
How is Mallory-Weiss syndrome treated?
Tx underlying cause
Surgical intervention/cautery
How is Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) caused?
Backflow of gastric contents
What is the esophageal epithelium sensitive to?
Acid
What are the 5 risk factors of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Alcohol
Tobacco
Obesity
CNS depressants
Pregnancy
What is the most common cause of esophagitis?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
What is the most common GI ailment in the US?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is most commonly seen in which people?
Infants
Adults over 40
What disease?
Heartburn
Dysphagia
Regurgitation of sour-tasting gastric contents
Lingual erosion of teeth
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
What disease?
Tx is medication (antacids, proton pump inhibitors) and reduce risk factors
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
What are the causes of barrett esophagus?
Intestinal metaplasia in esophagus mucosa
Complication of chronic GERD
Who is affected by barrett esophagus?
Middle aged men
Describe the intestinal metaplasia within esophagus mucosa seen in barrett esophagus
Squamous -> non-ciliated columnar
What disease?
Red, velvety mucosa above gastroesophageal junction
Symptoms of GERD or asymptomatic
Barrett esophagus
What disease?
Tx includes endoscopy with biopsy and intervention if dysplasia is seen
Barrett esophagus
What do patients with barrett esophagus have an increased risk for developing?
Esophageal adenocarcinoma
What are the causes of esophageal adenocarcinoma?
Malignancy from esophageal glands
What disease most commonly arises from barrett esophagus?
Esophageal adenocarcinoma
What are the 5 risk factors of esophageal adenocarcinoma?
Barrett esophagus
Long standing GERD
Obesity
Tobacco
Previous radiation tx
What disease?
Dysphagia
Odynophagia (pain on swallowing)
Progressive weight loss
Chest pain
Vomiting
Esophageal adenocarcinoma
What diseases?
Tx is combo of surgery, chemo, and radiation depending on stage
Esophageal adenocarcinoma
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Gastric adenocarcinoma
Colorectal adenocarcinoma
What disease?
Overall 5 year survival < 25%; usually at advanced stage at time of diagnosis
Esophageal adenocarcinoma
What are the causes of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma?
Malignancy from esophageal epithelium
Smoking/drinking
Who is affected by esophageal squamous cell carcinoma?
Males > 45
African Americans
What disease?
Dysphagia
Odynophagia (pain on swallowing)
Weight loss
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
What disease?
Overall 5 year survival is 9%; usually advanced stage at time of diagnosis
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma