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D2 Fall > Gen Path Exam 3 - GI Pathology > Flashcards

Gen Path Exam 3 - GI Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What type of disease?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

Injury

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2
Q

What type of disease?

Barret esophagus

A

Injury

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3
Q

What type of disease?

Peptic ulcer disease

A

Injury

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4
Q

What type of disease?

H pylori gastritis

A

Infection

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5
Q

What type of disease?

Familial adenomatous polyposis

A

Developmental

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6
Q

What type of disease?

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

A

Developmental

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7
Q

What type of disease?

Celiac disease

A

Immune-mediated

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8
Q

What type of disease?

IBD - ulcerative colitis & Crohn’s

A

Immune-mediated

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9
Q

What type of disease?

Esophageal adenocarcinoma

A

Neoplasia

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10
Q

What type of disease?

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

A

Neoplasia

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11
Q

What type of disease?

Gastric adenocarcinoma

A

Neoplasia

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12
Q

What type of disease?

Adenomatous polyp

A

Neoplasia

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13
Q

What type of disease?

Colorectal adenocarcinoma

A

Neoplasia

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14
Q

What type of disease?

Mallory-Weiss tears

A

Injury

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15
Q

What are the causes of Mallory-Weiss syndrome?

A

Esophageal lacerations
Induced by severe vomiting

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16
Q

Patients with which diseases are affected by Mallory-Weiss syndrome?

A

Bulimia
Alcoholism

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17
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Mallory-Weiss syndrome?

A

Painful hematemesis (vomiting blood)

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18
Q

Vomiting blood

A

Hematemesis

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19
Q

How is Mallory-Weiss syndrome treated?

A

Tx underlying cause
Surgical intervention/cautery

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20
Q

How is Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) caused?

A

Backflow of gastric contents

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21
Q

What is the esophageal epithelium sensitive to?

A

Acid

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22
Q

What are the 5 risk factors of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

A

Alcohol
Tobacco
Obesity
CNS depressants
Pregnancy

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23
Q

What is the most common cause of esophagitis?

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

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24
Q

What is the most common GI ailment in the US?

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

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25
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is most commonly seen in which people?

A

Infants
Adults over 40

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26
Q

What disease?

Heartburn
Dysphagia
Regurgitation of sour-tasting gastric contents
Lingual erosion of teeth

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

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27
Q

What disease?

Tx is medication (antacids, proton pump inhibitors) and reduce risk factors

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

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28
Q

What are the causes of barrett esophagus?

A

Intestinal metaplasia in esophagus mucosa
Complication of chronic GERD

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29
Q

Who is affected by barrett esophagus?

A

Middle aged men

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30
Q

Describe the intestinal metaplasia within esophagus mucosa seen in barrett esophagus

A

Squamous -> non-ciliated columnar

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31
Q

What disease?

Red, velvety mucosa above gastroesophageal junction
Symptoms of GERD or asymptomatic

A

Barrett esophagus

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32
Q

What disease?

Tx includes endoscopy with biopsy and intervention if dysplasia is seen

A

Barrett esophagus

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33
Q

What do patients with barrett esophagus have an increased risk for developing?

A

Esophageal adenocarcinoma

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34
Q

What are the causes of esophageal adenocarcinoma?

A

Malignancy from esophageal glands

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35
Q

What disease most commonly arises from barrett esophagus?

A

Esophageal adenocarcinoma

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36
Q

What are the 5 risk factors of esophageal adenocarcinoma?

A

Barrett esophagus
Long standing GERD
Obesity
Tobacco
Previous radiation tx

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37
Q

What disease?

Dysphagia
Odynophagia (pain on swallowing)
Progressive weight loss
Chest pain
Vomiting

A

Esophageal adenocarcinoma

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38
Q

What diseases?

Tx is combo of surgery, chemo, and radiation depending on stage

A

Esophageal adenocarcinoma
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Gastric adenocarcinoma
Colorectal adenocarcinoma

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39
Q

What disease?

Overall 5 year survival < 25%; usually at advanced stage at time of diagnosis

A

Esophageal adenocarcinoma

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40
Q

What are the causes of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Malignancy from esophageal epithelium
Smoking/drinking

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41
Q

Who is affected by esophageal squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Males > 45
African Americans

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42
Q

What disease?

Dysphagia
Odynophagia (pain on swallowing)
Weight loss

A

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

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43
Q

What disease?

Overall 5 year survival is 9%; usually advanced stage at time of diagnosis

A

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

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44
Q

What is the most common cause of barret esophagus?

A

GERD

45
Q

Peptic ulcer disease is from an imbalance between mucosal defenses and damaging effects of ____________ and ___________

A

gastric acid; pepsin

46
Q

What are the 2 most common causes of peptic ulcer diseases?

A

Chronic NSAID use
H pylori

47
Q

What disease?

Epigastric pain 1-3 hrs after meals
Nausea, vomiting, bloating
Can become chronic and recurring

A

Peptic ulcer disease

48
Q

What disease?

Diagnosed by endoscopy
Treated by tx underlying cause

A

Peptic ulcer disease

49
Q

What is the cause of H pylori gastritis?

A

H pylori colonizes gastric mucosa

50
Q

Where is there an increased incidence of H pylori gastritis?

A

Areas with poverty and household crowding

51
Q

What disease?

Can lead to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and increased risk for gastric cancer

A

H pylori gastritis

52
Q

What disease?

Diagnosed by urea breath test, stool test, endoscopic biopsy

A

H pylori gastritis

53
Q

What disease?

Tx by antibiotics or proton pump inhibitors

A

H pylori gastritis

54
Q

What is the cause of gastric adenocarcinoma?

A

Malignancy from gastric glands

55
Q

What are the 3 risk factors of gastric adenocarcinoma?

A

H pylori infection
Chronic gastritis
Smoked foods

56
Q

What disease?

Dyspepsia (indigestion)
Dysphagia
Nausea
Weight loss

A

Gastric adenocarcinoma

57
Q

What disease?

Overall 5 year survival < 30%; usually at advanced stage at time of diagnosis

A

Gastric adenocarcinoma

58
Q

What is the cause of celiac disease?

A

Autoimmune rxn to gluten

59
Q

What does the intestinal lining show in pts with celiac disease?

A

Villous atrophy (becomes flat)

60
Q

What disease?

Abdominal pain
Nausea
Vomiting
Bloating
Diarrhea
Constipation
Fatigue
Dermatitis herpetiformis (itchy, blistering skin lesion)

A

Celiac disease

61
Q

What disease is diagnosed by the following?

Positive serological test (ID of autoantibodies)
Intestinal biopsy

A

Celiac disease

62
Q

What disease?

Tx is a strict gluten free diet

A

Celiac disease

63
Q

What disease has an increased risk of malignancy?

A

Celiac disease

64
Q

What is the cause of IBD?

A

Chronic inflammatory conditions of GI tract (ex: Crohn’s, ulcerative colitis)

65
Q

What is the oral manifestation of IBD?

A

Pyostomatitis vegetans

66
Q

Yellow-ish, slightly elevated, pustules on red
oral mucosa

A

Pyostomatitis vegetans

67
Q

Most common on buccal and labial mucosa,
soft palate, and ventral tongue

A

Pyostomatitis vegetans

68
Q

“Snail track” lesions; variably painful

A

Pyostomatitis vegetans

69
Q

What part of the GI is affected by ulcerative colitis?

A

Colon
Rectum

70
Q

What disease?

Relapsing disorder
Bloody diarrhea
Lower abdominal pain and cramps
Symptoms may persist for days/weeks/months

A

Ulcerative colitis

71
Q

What disease?

Tx is colectomy in severe cases (curative)

A

Ulcerative colitis

72
Q

Which IBD can occur in any area of the GI tract?

A

Crohn’s disease

73
Q

What disease?

Intermittent attacks
Diarrhea (with or without blood)
Fever
Abdominal pain
Oral manifestations – may be first sign

A

Crohn’s disease

74
Q

What are the oral manifestations of Crohn’s disease?

A

Aphthous ulcers
Cobblestone lesions
Linear ulcers/fissures in vestibule

75
Q

What diseases have the following tx options?

Anti-inflammatory drugs
Corticosteroids
Biologics
Immunomodulators

A

Crohn’s disease
Ulcerative colitis

76
Q

What disease?

Tx is surgery for severe cases (not curative)

A

Crohn’s disease

77
Q

Are adenomatous polyps benign or malignant?

A

Benign

78
Q

What do adenomatous polyps give rise to?

A

Majority of colorectal adenocarcinomas

79
Q

What disease?

Usually asymptomatic
May cause bleeding or obstruction

A

Adenomatous polyp

80
Q

What disease?

Diagnosed by colonoscopy + biopsy
Screening colonoscopy recommended at age 50

A

Adenomatous polyp

81
Q

What disease is treated by the following?

Excision
Surveillance due to risk of recurrence/progression to colorectal adenocarcinoma

A

Adenomatous polyp

82
Q

What is the cause of colorectal adenocarcinoma?

A

Malignancy from colorectal glands

83
Q

What do most cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma arise from?

A

Adenomatous polyps

84
Q

What dietary factors can contribute to colorectal adenocarcinoma?

A

Low fiber
High refined carbs + fat

85
Q

What is the most common malignancy of the GI tract?

A

Colorectal adenocarcinoma

86
Q

What disease?

May be asymptomatic
Fatigue and weakness (secondary to anemia)
Changes in bowel habits
Abdominal cramping

A

Colorectal adenocarcinoma

87
Q

What disease?

Diagnosed by colonoscopy and biopsy

A

Colorectal adenocarcinoma

88
Q

What disease?

Early detection through routine colonoscopy screening improves prognosis

A

Colorectal adenocarcinoma

89
Q

What disease?

Contributes to 15% of cancer-related deaths (second to lung cancer)

A

Colorectal adenocarcinoma

90
Q

Which lab test would most likely confirm the
diagnosis of celiac disease?

A

Serology for ID of autoantibodies

91
Q

Describe the genetic inheritance of familial adenomatous polyposis

A

Autosomal dominant

92
Q

What is the cause of familial adenomatous polyposis?

A

Mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC)

93
Q

What disease?

Onset in childhood/teen years

A

Familial adenomatous polyposis

94
Q

What disease?

Colorectal carcinoma develops in 100% of pts

A

Familial adenomatous polyposis

95
Q

What disease?

Hundreds to thousands of adenomatous polyps

A

Familial adenomatous polyposis

96
Q

What disease?

Diagnosed by family hx, colonoscopy, biopsy, and genetic testing for APC mutation

A

Familial adenomatous polyposis

97
Q

What disease?

Tx is prophylactic colectomy to prevent progression to cancer

A

Familial adenomatous polyposis

98
Q

What is Gardner syndrome a subset of?

A

Familial adenomatous polyposis

99
Q

What disease?

Prominent extra-intestinal manifestations

A

Gardner syndrome

100
Q

What disease?

Multiple osteomas (benign tumors of bone)

A

Gardner syndrome

101
Q

What disease?

Multiple unerupted and supernumerary teeth

A

Gardner syndrome

102
Q

Describe the genetic inheritance of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

A

Autosomal dominant

103
Q

What disease?

Oral and perioral freckles on lips and cheeks that first present during childhood and adolescence

A

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

104
Q

What disease?

Skin and mucosal freckles
Multiple gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps

A

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

105
Q

What disease?

Do not have carry same level risk of colorectal cancer as adenomatous polyps
Increased risk of malignancy

A

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

106
Q

What disease?

Diagnosed by family hx and genetic testing

A

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

107
Q

What disease?

Oral and perioral pigmentation persists throughout life and does NOT require treatment

A

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

108
Q

What disease?

Tx is lifelong monitoring for development of neoplasia

A

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

D2 Fall (45 decks)

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