Hemostasis coagulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is Hemostasis?

A

Physiological mechanism of organism protection against unwanted bleeding.

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2
Q

Which steps participate in Hemostasis?

A

Blood vessels - vascular spasm
Thrombocyte aggregation
Coagulation cascade

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3
Q

What are crucial for in vitro work with blood samples and for diagnostics and treatment?

A

Anticoagulation treatment

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4
Q

What is hemostaseology?

A

Hemostaseology is science about the complex interactions between blood vessels, coagulation factors and blood cells.

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5
Q

What is a PT test?

A

Prothrombin time –> quick test

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6
Q

Which pathway does the quick test apply for?

A

The extrinsic coagulation pathway

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7
Q

How is quick test performed?

A

By adding thromboplastin and Ca2+ ions to the plasma.. It activates factor VII leading to direct sctivation of factor X followed by thrombin production and fibrin clot formation.

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8
Q

What is PT test mostly used for?

A

Monitoring coumarin therapy, which is an antagonist of Vitamin K, which is needed for factor VII, X and prothrombin carboxylation and function.

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9
Q

How must the blood be treated before a quick test?

A

Sample must be –> result stabilized by decalcification (citrate). Factor III and calcium ions is added. –> result in seconds

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10
Q

What is APTT?

A

Activated partial thromboplastin time.

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11
Q

What does APTT involve?

A

activation of a contact system which generates activation of factors XI, IXa and Xa. This iitiates thrombin production and fibrin clot formation.

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12
Q

What does APTT require?

A

an activating surface (kaolin or negative phospholipids) and Ca2+ ions.

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13
Q

What is APTT used for?

A

Monitoring Heparin therapy.

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14
Q

What is function of Heparin?

A

activator of antithrombin factor Xa, thrombin blocking. Can be used in vivo and in vitro.

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15
Q

Which anticoagulators works by decalcification?

A

sodiumcitrate, EDTA, oxalate

Only in vitro because of high amount of Ca2+ in body

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16
Q

What is function of warfarin?

A

inhibition of Vitamin K synthesis in liver

17
Q

What activates the extrinsic coagulation factor?

A

Complex injury, blood must escape outside of the vessel

18
Q

What activates the intrinsic factor?

A

Injury on mesothelium, exposed collagen from vessel wall.

19
Q

Are the patients platelets important for the PT and APTT test?

A

No because both tests are done in platelet poor plasma.

20
Q

What is the function of the thrombin time test ?

A

It involves adding thrombin to plasma and then test the fibrinogen clevage and fibrin clot formation.

21
Q

What are D-dimers?

A

bi-products of fibrin clot formation.

22
Q

What is DIC?

A

Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy

23
Q

What is Hirudin?

A

A direct thrombin inhibitor produced by the leech hirudo medicinalis. Immdiate effect in vivo and in vitro.

24
Q

What is definition of an anticoagulant?

A

a substance that prevents coagulation. Stops blood from clotting.